Manual of Guard Duty

MANUAL

OF GUARD DUTY,

UNITED STATES ARMY.

MANUAL

OF

GUARD   DUTY,

UNITED STATES ARMY.

___________
APPROVED JUNE 14, 1902.
___________

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1902.

WAR DEPARTMENT,

ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE

Document No. 167.

WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington, June 14, 1902.

     The Manual of Guard Duty prepared by the board of officers consisting of Maj. Alexander Rodgers, Fourth Cavalry, Capt. William Lassiter, Artillery Corps, and Capt.  Oscar J. Charles, Fourth Infantry, is approved and is herewith published for the government of the armies of the United States.

ELIHU ROOT,
Secretary of War.

CONTENTS.
______________

Page

Order approving Manual of Guard Duty ___________________________________________       III
Rosters and detachments ______________________________________________________         1
Commanding officer __________________________________________________________      10
Officer of the day  ____________________________________________________________     11
Commander of the guard _______________________________________________________     13
Sergeant of the guard __________________________________________________________    22
Corporal of the guard __________________________________________________________    26
Musicians of the guard _________________________________________________________     33
Orderly for the commanding officer ________________________________________________    34
Privates of the guard  __________________________________________________________     36
Orders for sentinels on post. ____________________________________________________      37
Orders for sentinels except those at the post of the guard _______________________________     40
Orders for sentinels at the post of the guard  ________________________________________      43
Compliments from sentinels _____________________________________________________     45
Compliments from guards ______________________________________________________      47
Special orders  ______________________________________________________________      49
Color line and sentinels ________________________________________________________      50
Supernumeraries ____________________________________________________________       51
Prisoners __________________________________________________________________       51
Rules for the government of general prisoners at military posts __________________________        58

Page.

Special orders for sentinels in charge of prisoners ___________________________________         66
Guard patrols ______________________________________________________________        70
Countersigns and paroles ______________________________________________________       70
Miscellaneous ______________________________________________________________       72
Stable sergeant and stable orderly ________________________________________________      73
Troop stable guard ___________________________________________________________      76
Battery stable and park guard____________________________________________________     79
Police and fatigue duty_________________________________________________________      80
Property under charge of the guard _______________________________________________      81
Flags ________________________]____________________________________________       82
Reveille and retreat gun  _______________________________________________________      84

     The references apply to the Army Regulations (A. R.) 1901, the Cavalry Drill Regulations (Cav. D. R.) 1896, and the Infantry Drill Regulations (Inf. D. R.) 1891, with modifications in the Manual of Arms, adapted to the magazine rifle, caliber 0.30, 1895.

MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY.
______________

ROSTERS AND DETACHMENTS.

     1. A roster is a list of officers or men for duty, with a record of the duty performed by each. Generally, details for duty are so made that the one longest off is the first for detail. Details so made are said to be made by roster. (A. R. 423.)
     2. All details for service in garrison and in the field, except the authorized special and extra-duty details, will be by roster; but officers or enlisted men, when detailed, must serve whether a roster be kept or not. Haying performed the service, they may appeal to su­perior authority if they deem themselves aggrieved. (A. R. 424.)
     3. The duties performed by roster are of two classes. The first comprises (1) outposts; (2) interior guards, including stable guards; (3) detachments to protect laborers on military works; (4) armed working parties on such works. The second comprises all other duties and fatigue, in or out of the garrison or camp. (A. R. 425.)
     4. The rosters are distinct for each class. Officers are named on them in the order of rank. Details are made in succession according to roster, beginning at the head. (A. R. 426.)
     5. Lieutenant colonels and majors are on one roster, and may be detailed when the importance of the duty requires it. In the field their roster is kept at division and brigade headquarters. Captains form one roster and are exempt from ordinary fatigue duties. A captain

commanding a battalion is exempt from detail, and duty falling to him passes. Lieutenants form one ros­ter and first and second lieutenants are entered alter­nately. Sergeants, corporals, musicians, and privates form distinct rosters. (A. B. 427.)
     6. Officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates take duties of the first class in the order stated, viz: The first for detail takes the outposts; the next the in­terior guards, and so on. In those of the second class the senior officer takes the largest party. The party first for detail takes the service out of camp. (A. R. 428.)
     7. When an officer has been detailed and is not pres­ent or available at the hour of marching, the next after him takes the duty. When an outpost has passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post, the officer whose tour it was can not take it unless so ordered by the commanding officer, but succeeds to the tour of the officer who has taken his. (A. R. 430. )
     8. Duties of the first class are credited on the roster when the guards or detachments have passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post; other duties, when the parties have entered upon their performance. (A. R. 431.)
     9. In making details by roster, an officer or enlisted  man is each day charged with the number of days that he has remained present and available since the begin­ning of his last tour. Departures from this rule may be authorized by the commanding officer whenever a strict application would allow improper advantage or work hardship. (A. R. 429.)
     10. An officer or enlisted man on duty of the first class, or who is next for detail for such duty, is availa­ble, when relieved, for duty of the second class that has fallen to him during that time. Except in emergencies, no duty will be required of the old officer of the day or the old guard until four hours after they have been relieved. (A. R. 432.)

     11. Soldiers inarch armed, and, if necessary, fully equipped, on all duties of the first class. (A. R. 433.)
     12. In the cavalry, dismounted men and those whose horses are not fit for service are preferred for all dis­mounted details. Mounted men are never employed on such service if the number of dismounted men is suffi­cient. (A. R. 434.)
     13. In the field, every enlisted man of the cavalry detailed for dismounted service will, before he marches, take to the first sergeant of his troop his horse equip­ments and saddle, ready packed. In case of alarm the first sergeant sees that the horses of these men are equipped and led to the rendezvous. (A. R. 435.)
     14. Field and siege batteries serving with other troops will perform their own guard, police, and fatigue duty, and officers and men will be exempt from detail for other duty of like character, except when, in the judgment of the post commander, the necessities of the service will not permit such exemption, in which case he will immediately report his action and the circum­stances to the department commander. (A. R. 436.)
     15. Detachments of the Signal Corps shall be exempt from detail for any other duty, except when, in the judgment of the commanding officer, the importance of the duty will not permit exemption, in which case he will immediately report the circumstances and his action to his superior commander. (A. R. 437.)
     16. When a detachment is to be formed from the different organizations of a command, the adjutant or adjutant general forms its contingent, verifies the de­tails, and sends it to the place of assembly, or turns it over to the detachment commander. (A. R. 440.)
     17. So far as the exigencies of the service will per­mit, detachments for armed service will be formed by taking battalions, companies, platoons, or other subdi­visions in turn, according to the roster. (A. R. 438.)

     18. When the commanding officer deems it advisable, a company may be detailed to form the guard, the com­pany commander being the officer of the day, and the lieutenants officers of the guard. The company is in­spected on its own parade by its commanding officer and marched to the post of the guard by the senior lieutenant.
     The same principle may be made to apply to the de­tail of an organization or subdivision larger or smaller, than a company.
     19. Officers or enlisted men detailed for detached service while on other duty will be relieved from that duty if they can reach camp in time to inarch with the detachment. (A. R. 439.)
     20. When detachments meet, the command is regu­lated while they serve together as if they formed one command, but the senior officer can not prevent the commander of any detachment from moving when he thinks proper to execute the orders he has received. (A. R. 441.)
     21. On the return of a detachment its commander reports to the headquarters from which he received his orders. (A. R. 442.)
     22. At every military post, and in every regiment or separate command in the field, a post or camp guard will be detailed and duly mounted. It will consist of such number of officers and enlisted men as the com­manding officer may deem necessary. It will be com­manded by the senior officer or noncommissioned officer on duty therewith, under the supervision of the officer of the day. (See par. 50.)
     23. A brigade in camp may have one guard for its camp, or one for each regiment in camp; the latter is preferable, and in this case the sentinels between the flanks of regiments may be omitted, or but one sentinel be posted.

     24. At a post or camp, where headquarters of more than one regiment are stationed, or in the case of a small brigade in the field, if but one guard be necessary for the whole post or camp, details will be made from the headquarters of the command, as follows: For officer of the day and officer of the guard, by name, and for noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates from each regiment, by number.
     The adjutant, sergeant major, and band to attend guard mounting will also be designated.
     25. The following are the usual rosters relative to guard duty:
          1. Officers of the day.
          2. Officers of the guard.
          3. Sergeants of the guard.
          4. Corporals of the guard.
          5. Musicians of the guard.
          6. Privates of the guard.
     The first two are kept by the adjutant; the third, fourth, and fifth by the sergeant major, under the supervision of the adjutant, or by the first sergeants of companies, as directed by the commanding officer; the sixth is always kept by the first sergeants. Captains supervise the keeping of the company rosters by their first sergeants, and see that all duties performed by members of the company are duly credited.
     26. Captains serve on the first roster, lieutenants serve on the second and may also be placed on the first roster, at the discretion of the commanding officer.
     27. An officer of the day will be detailed for duty with each guard, and where more than one guard is required in a command, a field officer of the day may also be detailed. The field officer of the day receives his orders from the brigade or division commander, as directed by the latter. Captains may, when necessary, be placed on the roster for field officer of the day.

     28. The detail of officers of the guard will be limited to the necessities of the service and efficient instruction; inexperienced officers may be detailed as supernumerary officers of the guard for purposes of instruction.
     29. Officers serving in staff departments are, at the discretion of the commanding officer, exempt from guard duty.
     30. The details for officers of the day and guard are published at the parade next preceding the commence­ment of their tour. They are also personally notified on the day before their tour, by a written order, when practicable.
     31. Post and camp guards will habitually be relieved every twenty-four hours.
     32. Details for post guards will, as far as practicable, be made so as to insure privates an interval of not less than six days between tours, or only one tour in seven days. When the number of available men at a post is not sufficient to fulfill this requirement, extra and special duty men should be regularly detailed for night guard duty, still performing their usual duties in the daytime.
     Except in emergencies, privates will not be detailed for guard duty oftener than once in five days. When necessary to fulfill this requirement, the number of posts will be diminished and the sentinels required to patrol a sufficient extent of ground to watch over all public property.
     33. The men for post or camp guard are usually taken from all the companies, from each in proportion to its strength.
     34. When details for post or camp guard are made from troops or batteries that also furnish their own stable or stable and park guards, a credit will be allowed each for the number of enlisted men furnished for its stable or stable and park guard, as though they had been de­tailed for post guard.

     35. Special details for herd guard will be credited on the roster for fatigue duty.
     36. The stable sergeant and stable orderly are de­tailed on special duty, for such periods as may be directed by troop commanders, and while on this special duty are not subject to detail for guard.
     37. One supernumerary from each company will usually be detailed; if more are required, the com­manding officer fixes the number.
     38. First sergeants, in detailing supernumeraries, will take the men next on the roster after making the detail for privates of the guard.
     39. Should the adjutant be notified that men are re­quired to fill vacancies in the guard, he will cause the proper number of supernumeraries to report to the commander of the guard, taking them from those com­panies that have furnished less than their proportionate part of the guard. A supernumerary who thus goes on guard will be credited on the company roster with a tour of guard duty as if he had been detailed as a private of the guard.
     40. At first sergeants' call, all the first sergeants re­pair to headquarters and take from the bulletin board all the data necessary for them to make the required details from their respective companies; they make their details accordingly from their rosters.
     41. When practicable, each first sergeant publishes at retreat all the details made from the company. He will also post them on the company bulletin board.
     42. The method of keeping the first sergeants' roster is shown in the model duty roster issued by the Adju­tant General of the Army.
     43. The sergeant major, under the supervision of the adjutant, will keep a record from, which he will each day determine the number of privates required for guard duty from each company. This record is kept in a blank book ruled conveniently for the purpose.

     44. If noncommissioned officers and musicians are not detailed by name from rosters kept by the sergeant major, lie determines, in a similar manner, the number of each to be detailed. He will post on a bulletin board in his office all data required by the first sergeants in making details from their respective companies, giving the names of those detailed by name.
     45. The sergeant major determines the number of privates to be detailed from each company by the fol­lowing rules: Take the number of privates for duty in each company from its morning report for the day next preceding that on which the tour of duty is to com­mence, deducting details for detached service of over twenty-four hours, made after the morning report has been received; the total of these gives the total number of privates available. Then: The total strength is to the strength of a company as the total detail is to the detail from the company. Multiply the total detail by the strength of the company, and divide the result by total strength; carry out to two places of decimals, dis­regarding all smaller fractions. This rule is applied for each company.
     The whole numbers in the results thus obtained are added together, and if the total is less than the total de­tail required, add one to the whole number in the result that has the largest fraction, and so on for each com­pany till the required total is obtained.
     46. There will thus be a difference between the ex­act proportion and the number detailed from each company; this difference is carried forward to the next day's proportion, to be added if a company has furnished less, or to be subtracted if a company has furnished more than its exact proportion, thus:

                       First Day
                       Second Day

THE  COMMANDING OFFICER.

     47. The commanding officer will exact a faithful, correct, and vigilant performance of guard duty in all its details, giving his orders to the officer of the day, or causing them to be communicated to him with the least practicable delay. He prescribes the strength of the guard, the positions of the color link and guard tents, the number and location of the posts of sentinels, the necessary regulations for police and fatigue duties, the uniform and equipment of the guard, and the hours for sounding calls; causes a list of calls to be furnished the commander of the guard; designates the hours for chal­lenging; causes the guard to be habitually relieved every twenty-four hours when' in camp or garrison\ gives the special instructions which the duties of the guard and sentinels require; causes the necessary cop­ies of orders for sentinels to be furnished the com­mander of the guard (see par. 94); he receives the reports of the officers of the day immediately after guard mounting, at his office or at some place previ­ously designated; carefully examines the guard report and the remarks thereon (questioning the old officer of the day, if necessary, concerning his tour of duty); re­lieves the old officer of the day and gives the new officer of the day such instructions as may be necessary.
     48. In case of a small command, requiring modifica­tions of the form prescribed for guard mounting, he gives the necessary instructions as to how the old guard shall be relieved and a new one substituted for it.
     49. He will see that sentinels are so distributed as to require the least possible number of men for guard con­sistent with the object for which the guard is maintained.
     50. The number and posts of sentinels about a regu­larly formed camp are as follows: one over the arms of the guard, and such others as the commanding officer may deem necessary.

     51. When necessary, detached posts may be estab­lished outside the chain of sentinels. These posts are under the orders of the commander of the post or camp guard, and are visited by his patrols.
     52. If necessary or expedient, the commanding officer may require that no person shall pass a sentinel's post unless passed by an officer or noncommissioned officer of the guard; he should also prescribe how and where soldiers and others shall enter or leave the post or camp.
     53. He will determine whether, or not, the counter­sign shall be used.

OFFICER OF THE DAY.

     54. The officer of the day is responsible for the proper performance of duty by the guard with which he marches on and for the enforcement of all police regu­lations. He is charged with the execution of all orders of the commanding officer relating to the safety and good order of the post or camp. His actual tour of duty begins when he receives the report of the adjutant at guard mounting, and ceases when he has been relieved by the commanding officer.
     In the interval between guard mounting and the reports of the officers of the day to the commanding officer, responsibility for the safety and good order of the post or camp and for the enforcement of regula­tions and orders, devolves upon the old officer of the day. The new officer of the day controls his own guard but will conform to the directions of the old officer of the day as to its use during this period.
     55. In the absence of special instructions from the commanding officer, the officer of the day will inspect the guard and sentinels during the day and night at such times as he may deem necessary.
     56. He will prescribe patrols and visits of inspection to be made by officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard.

     57. He will see that the commander of the guard is furnished with the parole and countersign before retreat, and will inform him of the presence in the post or camp of any person entitled to compliment.
     58. In case of an alarm of any kind, the officer of the day will at once take such steps as may be necessary to insure the safety of public property and preserve order in the command, disposing his guard so as best to accom­plish this result.
     59. The officer of the day, in the performance of his duties as such, is subject to the orders of the command­ing officer only, except that in case of an alarm of any kind, and at a time of great danger, the senior line officer present is competent to give necessary orders to the officer of the day for the employment of the portion of his guard not already occupied with duties pre­scribed in this manual and the standing orders of the post or camp.
     60. At the inspections and musters prescribed in Army Regulations, the officer of the day will be present at the post of the guard, but all commands to the guard will be given by the commander of the guard.
     61. The new officer of the day must be present at guard mounting; the old officer of the day also, if so directed by the commanding officer; after the guard has passed in review, or marched to its post, they pro­ceed to the guardhouse, and the old officer of the day gives the new officer of the day the old or standing or­ders, and each, placing himself at a convenient distance from and facing his guard, receives the prescribed sa­lute.
     62. Both officers of the day together verify the num­ber of prisoners and inspect the guardhouse and prem­ises.
     To verify the number of prisoners at the guardhouse, the officers of the day take post in front of and facing the old guard. The new officer of the day, from the

list of prisoners on the report of the commander of the guard, calls the names of the prisoners. Each prisoner, as his name is called, answers" Here, "steps two paces to the front and halts. If any prisoners are out at work, the officers of the day verify their number as is most convenient.
     63. If there are any prisoners with no record of charges against them, the old officer of the day will re­port that fact to the commanding officer, who will give the necessary instructions. (A. R. 1009.)
     64. The old officer of the day will, at guard mount­ing, release all prisoners whose sentences expire that day.
     65. If there be no officer of the guard, the new officer of the day will receipt to the old officer of the day for the articles under charge of the guard. (See par. 436.)
     66. The old officer of the day enters on the report of the commander of the guard such remarks concerning his tour of duty as may be necessary, and signs his name thereto as officer of the day; if he enters no re­marks, he signs his name as officer of the day on the face of the report.
     67. The officers of the day then report to the com­manding officer. On presenting themselves, both salute with the right hand, remaining covered. The old officer of the day, standing on the right of the new, then says: "Sir, I report as old officer of the day, "and presents the guard report. As soon as the commanding officer noti­fies the old officer of the day that he is relieved, the old officer of the day salutes the commanding officer and retires. The new officer of the day again salutes and says: " Sir, I report as new officer of the day," and then receives his instructions.

COMMANDER OF THE  GUARD.

     68. The senior officer or noncommissioned officer of the guard is commander of the guard.

     69. The commander of the guard is responsible for the instruction and discipline of the guard. He will see that all its members are correctly instructed in their orders and duties, and that they understand and properly perform them.
     70. He receives and obeys the orders of the com­manding officer and the officer of the day, and reports to the latter without delay all orders relating to the guard not given or transmitted by him; he transmits to his successor all material instructions and information relating to his duties.
     71. He is responsible under the officer of the day for the general safety of the post or camp as soon as the old guard marches away from the guardhouse. In case of any emergency occurring while both guards are at the guardhouse, the senior commander of the two guards will be responsible that proper action is taken.
     72. Officers of the guard will remain constantly with their guards, except while visiting sentinels or necessa­rily engaged elsewhere in the performance of their duty. The commanding officer will allow a reasonable time for meals.
     73. A commander of a guard leaving his post for any purpose will mention his destination and the probable duration of his absence to the next in command.
     74. Except in emergencies, the commander of the guard may divide the night with the next in command, but retains his responsibility; the one on watch must be constantly on the alert.
     75. When any alarm is raised in a camp or garrison, the guard will be formed immediately. If the case be serious, the proper call will be sounded, and the com­mander of the guard will cause the commanding officer and the officer of the day to be at once notified.
     76. If a sentinel calls: " The Guard," the commander of the guard will at once send a patrol to such sentinel's post. If the danger be great, in which case the sentinel

will discharge his piece, the patrol will be as strong as possible.
     77. When practicable, there should always be an officer or noncommissioned officer and at least two pri­vates of the guard at the guardhouse, in addition to the sentinels there on post.
     78. The commander of the guard will see that the guard is formed promptly, and under arms, when turned out for any purpose whatever.
     79. Between reveille and retreat, when the guard has been turned out for any person entitled thereto (see par. 270), the commander of the guard, if an officer, will receive the report of the sergeant of the guard, re­turning the salute of the latter with the right hand. He will then draw his sword, and place himself two paces in front of the center. When the person for whom the guard has been turned out approaches, the com­mander of the guard faces his guard, commands: 1. Present, 2. arms ; faces to the front and salutes. When his salute is acknowledged, he resumes the carry, faces about, commands: 1. Order, 2. ARMS; and faces to the front.
     If it be an officer entitled to inspect the guard, after saluting and before bringing his guard to the order, the officer of the guard reports: "Sir, the guard is present;" or, "Sir, the guard and prisoners are present;" or, "Sir, the guard is present and the prisoners are secure;" or, " Sir, (so and so] is absent;" except that at guard mounting the commanders of the guards present their guards and salute without making any report.
     Between retreat and reveille, the commander of the guard salutes and reports, but does not bring the guard to a present.
     80. To those entitled to have the guard turned out but not entitled to inspect it, no report will be made; nor will a report be made to any officer, unless he halts in front of the guard.

     81. When a guard commanded by a noncommissioned officer is turned out as a compliment or for inspection, the noncommissioned officer, standing at a right shoulder on the right of the right guide, commands: 1. Present, 2. arms. He then himself executes the rifle salute.
     If a report be also required, he will, after saluting and before bringing his guard to the order, report as pre­scribed for the officer of the guard. (See par. 79.)
     82. If a guard be commanded by a commissioned officer, no compliments will be paid to persons except those entitled to have the guard turned out. (See par. 270.)
     83. An officer commanding a guard, marching his guard to or from the guardhouse, will salute all persons entitled to compliment from the guard. (See par. 270.)
     A noncommissioned officer inarching a guard or relief will salute all officers.
     In both cases the pieces are brought to the port arms before the commander of the guard salutes.
     84. A guard being in line, and not under inspection, when commanded by a noncommissioned officer, is brought to "attention" when an officer not entitled to have the guard turned out passes, and the noncommis­sioned officer salutes with the rifle salute.
     85. If the person entitled to compliment pass in rear of the guard, it does not salute, but stands at attention at an "order," facing to the front.
     86. After any person entitled to the compliment has been saluted by the guard or guards, official recognition of his presence thereafter, while he remains in the same vicinity, will be taken by bringing the guard or guards to attention.
     87. The commander of the guard will inspect his guard at reveille and retreat to assure himself that the men are in proper condition to perform their duties and that their arms and equipments are in proper order;

for inspection by other officers, he prepares the guard -as directed in each case by the inspecting officer.
     88. Any person having authority to inspect a guard, and who wishes to do so, will, after its commander has reported, direct him to prepare it for inspection, stating in what manner.
     89. The guard will not be paraded during ceremonies unless so ordered by the commanding officer.
     90. At all formations of the guard or reliefs, he will see that the chambers and magazines of rifles or car­bines are opened as soon as the men have fallen in.
     91. After receiving the report of its corporal, he will inspect each relief before it goes on post to assure himself that every sentinel is properly armed and equipped and is in proper condition to perform his duties. The same rule applies to all patrols and sentinels over pris­oners. The relief first posted after guard mounting need not be thus inspected.
     92. He will see that sentinels are habitually relieved every two hours, unless the weather or other cause make it necessary or proper that it be done at shorter or longer intervals, as directed by the commanding officer.
     93. He will question his noncommissioned officers and sentinels relative to the instructions they may have received from the old guard; he will see that patrols and visits of inspection are made as directed by the officer of the day.
     94. He will see that the orders for each sentinel are posted, either written or printed, in the guardhouse, and, if practicable, in the sentry box or other sheltered place to which the sentinel has constant access. (See par. 47.)
     95. He will see that the proper calls are sounded at the hours appointed by the commanding officer.
     96. Should a member of the guard be taken sick, or be arrested, or desert, or leave his guard, the commander

of the guard will at once notify the adjutant.    (See par. 39.)
     97. He will, when the countersign is used, com­municate it to the noncommissioned officers of the guard and see that it is duly communicated to sentinels "before the hour for challenging; the countersign will not be given to sentinels posted at the guardhouse.
     98. He will have the details for hoisting the flag at reveille, and lowering it at retreat, made in time for the proper performance of these duties (see pars. 447-448); he will see that the flags are kept in the best condition possible, and that they are never handled except in the proper performance of duty.
     99. The commander of the guard may permit members of the guard -while at the guardhouse to remove their head dress, overcoats, and gloves; if they leave the guardhouse for any purpose whatever, he will require that they shall be properly equipped and armed according to the character of the service in which engaged, or as directed by the commanding officer.
     100. He will enter in the guard report a report of his tour of duty, and, on the completion of his tour, will present it to the officer of the day. He will transmit with his report all passes turned in at the post of the guard.
     101. Whenever a prisoner is sent to the guardhouse or guardtent for confinement, the commander of the guard will cause him to be searched, and will, without unnecessary delay, report the case to the officer of the day.
     102. If anyone is to be passed out of camp at night, he is sent to the commander of the guard who will have him passed beyond the sentinels.
     103. The commander of the guard will detain at the guardhouse all suspicious characters, or parties attempting to pass a sentinel's post without authority, reporting

his action to the officer of the day, to whom persons so arrested will be sent, if necessary.
     104. He will inspect the guardrooms and cells, and the irons of such prisoners as may be ironed, at least once during his tour, and at such other times as he may deem necessary.
     105. The commander of the guard will cause the corporals of the old and new reliefs to verify together, immediately before each relief goes on post, the number of prisoners who should then properly be at the guard­house.
     106. He will see that the sentences of prisoners under his charge are executed strictly as confirmed by the re­viewing authority.
     107. He will cause sentinels over working parties of prisoners to be taken from those assigned to posts guarded at night only. If there be none such, he will cause this duty to be divided as equally as possible among the privates of his guard.
     108. He will inspect all meals sent to the guardhouse for the prisoners and see that the quantity and quality are in accordance with regulations.
     109. At guard mounting he will report to the old officer of the day all cases of prisoners whose terms of sentence expire on that day, as also all cases of prisoners concerning whom no statement of charges has been received. (See par. 303.)
     110. The commander of the guard is responsible for the security of prisoners under the charge of his guard; he becomes responsible for them after their number has been verified and they have been turned over to the custody of his guard, whether at the guardhouse or out at work.
     111. To receive the prisoners at the guardhouse after their number has been verified by the officers of the day, the commander of the new guard directs his

sergeant to form the guard with an interval, and commands :
     1. Prisoners, 2. Right, 3. FACE, 4. Forward,  5. MARCH.
     The prisoners having arrived opposite the interval in the new guard, he commands:
     1. Prisoners, 2. HALT, 3. Left, 4. FACE, 5. Right (or Left) backward, 6. DRESS, 7. FRONT.
     The prisoners dress on the line of the new guard.
     112. After the new guard arrives at its post, and has saluted the old guard, each guard is presented by its commander to its officer of the day; if there be but one officer of the day present, or if one officer acts in the capacity of old and new officer of the day, each guard is presented to him by its commander.
     113. If other persons entitled to a salute approach, each commander of the guard will bring his own guard to attention if not already at attention. The senior commander of the two guards will then command:
1. Old and new guards, 2. Present, 3. ARMS.
     The junior will salute at the command present arms given by the senior. After the salute has been acknowl­edged, the senior brings both guards to the order.
     114. After the salutes have been acknowledged by the officers of the day, each guard is brought to an order by its commander; the commander of the new guard then directs the orderly or orderlies to fall out and report, and causes bayonets to be fixed if so ordered by the commanding officer; bayonets will not then be unfixed during the tour except in route marches while the guard is actually marching, or when specially directed by the commanding officer.                           
     The commander of the new guard then falls out mem­bers of the guard for detached posts, placing them under charge of the proper noncommissioned officers, divides the guard into three reliefs, first, second, and third, from right to left, and directs a list of the guard to be made by reliefs. When the guard consists of troops of different

arms combined, the men are assigned to reliefs so as to insure a fair division of duty, under rules prescribed by the commanding officer.
     115. The sentinels and detachments of the old guard are at once relieved by members of the new guard; the two guards standing at ease or at rest while these changes are being made. The commander of the old transmits to the commander of the new guard all his orders, instructions, and information concerning the guard and its duties. The commander of the new guard then takes possession of the guardhouse and property, receipting for the latter in the guard report of the com­mander of the old guard.
     116. When all the detachments and sentinels of the old guard have formed on its left, its commander causes bayonets to be unfixed, if not already unfixed, and marches off his guard, as prescribed in Drill Regulations, Cav., pars. 1073 and 1084; Inf., par. 728. When the old guard has marched past the post of the guard, the new guard stacks arms and is dismissed; or, if armracks are provided, the new guard is dismissed, and the arms are placed in the racks; or the men may be required to keep their arms constantly with them.
     117. Detachments of the guard having separate posts are relieved in the same manner as prescribed for the guard, and then marched to the post of the guard.
     118. If considerable time is required to bring in that portion of the old guard still on post, the commanding officer may direct that as soon as the orders and property are turned over to the new guard, the portion of the old guard at the guardhouse, may be marched off and. dismissed as prescribed. In such a case, the re­maining detachment or detachments of the old guard will be inspected by the new officer of the guard when they reach the guardhouse. He will direct the senior noncommissioned officer of the old guard present to

march the said detachments off and dismiss them in the prescribed manner.
     119. A supernumerary officer of the guard receives and obeys the orders of the commander of the guard, assisting him in the performance of his duties.

SERGEANT OF THE  GUARD.

     120. The senior noncommissioned officer of the guard always acts as sergeant of the guard, and, if there be no officer of the guard, will perform the duties prescribed for the commander of the guard.
     121. The sergeant of the guard has general super­vision over the other noncommissioned officers and the musicians and privates of the guard, and must be thoroughly familiar with all their orders and duties.
     122. He is directly responsible for the property under charge of the guard, and will see that it is properly cared for. He will make lists of articles taken out by working parties, and see that all such articles are duly returned. If any are not, he will immediately report the fact to the commander of the guard.
     123. Immediately after guard mounting he will prepare duplicate lists of the names of all noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates of the guard, showing the relief and post or duties of each. One list will be handed as soon as possible to the commander of the guard; the other will be retained by the sergeant.
     124. He will see that reliefs are turned out at the proper time, and that the corporals thoroughly understand, and are prompt and efficient in the discharge of their duties.
     125. During the temporary absence from the guardhouse of the sergeant of the guard, the next in rank of the noncommissioned officers present will perform his duties.
     126. Should the corporal whose relief is on post be called away from the guardhouse, the sergeant of the

guard will designate a noncommissioned officer to take the corporal's place until his return.
     127. After breakfast, and after stable duty in the cavalry, he will cause the guardhouse or guardtent and the space around it to be policed by the prisoners, if there be any, or by members of the guard if there be no prisoners. (A. R. 447.)
     128. He will see that the guardroom and cells are thoroughly policed twice daily, morning and evening.
     129. At first sergeants' call he will proceed to the Adjutant's office and obtain the guard report book.
     130. When the national or regimental colors are taken from the stacks of the color line, the color bearer and guard, or the sergeant of the guard, unarmed, and two armed privates as a guard, will escort the colors to the colonel's quarters, as prescribed for the color guard in Infantry Drill Regulations, par. 499.
     131. Upon the return of soldiers having passes, the passes will be given to the sergeant of the guard, who will indorse upon them the time at which each of the men included in a pass returns; at guard mounting he will turn them in to the commander of the guard.
     132. He will report to the commander of the guard any suspicious or unusual occurrence that comes under his notice, will warn him of the approach of any armed body, and will send to him all persons arrested by the guard.
     133. When the guard is turned out, its formation will be as follows: The senior noncommissioned officer, if commander of the guard, is on the right of the right guide; if not commander of the guard, he is in the line of file closers, in rear of the right four of the guard; the next in rank is right guide; the next, left guide; the others, in the line of file closers, usually, each in rear of his relief; the field music, with its left three paces to the right of the right guide. The reliefs form in the same order as when the guard was first divided, except

that if the guard consists of dismounted cavalry and infantry, the cavalry forms on the left.
     134. The sergeant forms the guard, calls the roll, and, if not in command of the guard, reports to the com­mander of the guard as prescribed in Drill Regulations for a first sergeant forming a troop or company; the guard is not divided into platoons or sections, and, except when the whole guard is formed prior to marching off, fours are not counted.
     135. The sergeant reports as follows: " Sir, the guard is present;" or, " Sir, the guard and prisoners are present;" or, " Sir, the guard is present, and the prisoners are secure;" or, "Sir, (so and so) is absent;" or, if the roll call has been omitted, " Sir, the guard is formed." Only men absent without proper authority are reported absent. He then takes his place, without command.
     136. At night, the roll may be called by reliefs and numbers instead of names; thus, the first relief being on post: Second relief, Corporal; No. 1; No. 2, etc. Third relief, Corporal; No. 1, etc.
     137. Calling the roll will be dispensed with in forming the guard when it is turned out as a compliment, on the approach of an armed body, or in any sudden emergency; "but in such cases the roll may be called before dismiss­ing the guard. If the guard be turned out for an officer entitled to inspect it, the roll will, unless he directs otherwise, always be called before a report is made.
     138. When directed by the officer of the guard to dismiss the guard, the sergeant salutes, steps in front of the guard, and commands:
     1. Port, 2. ARMS, 3. OPEN CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 4. CLOSE CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 5. DISMISSED, or, 5. Order, 6. ARMS,   7.  Stack, 8. ARMS,   9.  DISMISSED. (Par. 116.)
     139. The sergeant of the guard has direct charge of the prisoners and is responsible to the commander of the guard for their security.

     140. He will carry the keys of the guardroom and cells, and will not suffer them to leave his personal pos­session while he is at the guardhouse, except as herein after provided (par. 142.) Should he leave the guard­house for any purpose, he will turn the keys over to the noncommissioned officer who takes his place. (Par. 125.)
     141. He will count the knives, forks, etc., given to the prisoners with their food, and see that none of these articles remain in their possession. He will see that no forbidden articles of any kind are conveyed to the prisoners.
     142. Prisoners, when paraded with the guard, are placed in line, in its center. The sergeant, immediately before forming the guard, will turn over his keys to the noncommissioned officer at the guardhouse. Having formed the guard, he will divide it into two nearly equal parts. Indicating the point of division with his hand, he commands:
     1. Right (or Left), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH, 5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Left (or Right), 8. FACE.
     If the first command be right face, the right half of the guard only will execute the movements; if left face, the left half only will execute them. The command halt is given when sufficient interval is obtained to admit the prisoners. The doors of the guardroom and cells are then opened by the noncommissioned officer having the keys. The prisoners will file out under the supervision of the sergeant, the noncommissioned officer and sentinel on duty at the guardhouse, and such other sentinels as may be necessary; they will form in line in the inter­val between the two parts of the guard.
     143. To return the prisoners to the guardroom and cells, the sergeant commands:
     1. Prisoners, 2. Right (or Left), 3. FACE, 4. Forward, 5. Column right (or Left), 6. MARCH.
     The prisoners, under the same supervision as before, return to their proper rooms or cells.

     144. To close the guard, the sergeant commands:
     1. Left (or Right), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH, 5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Right (or Left), 8. FACE.
     The left or right half only of the guard, as indicated, executes the movement.
     145. If there be but few prisoners, the sergeant may indicate the point of division as above, and form the necessary interval by the commands:
     1. Right (or Left) step, 2. MARCH, 3. Guard, 4. HALT, and close the intervals by the commands:
     1. Left (or Right) step, 2. MARCH, 3. Guard, 4. HALT.
     146. If sentinels are numerous, reliefs may, at the discretion of the commanding officer; be posted in de­tachments, and sergeants, as well as corporals, required to relieve and post them.
     147. Sergeants assigned to reliefs perform the duties prescribed for corporals of the guard. They will not be so assigned unless the number of corporals detailed for guard be less than the number of reliefs.

CORPORAL OF THE  GUARD.

     148. Corporals of the guard are assigned to reliefs by the commander of the guard.
     149. A corporal of the guard receives and obeys orders from none but noncommissioned officers of the guard senior to himself, the officers of the guard, the officer of the day, and the commanding officer.
     150. It is the duty of the corporal of the guard to post and relieve sentinels, and to instruct the members of his relief in their orders and duties.
     151. Immediately after the division of the guard into reliefs the corporals will assign the members of their respective reliefs to posts by number, and a soldier so assigned to his post will not be changed to another during the same tour of guard duty, unless by direction of the commander of the guard or higher authority.

Usually, experienced soldiers are placed over the arms of the guard, and at remote and responsible posts.
     152. Each corporal will then make a list of the mem­bers of his relief, including himself. This list will con­tain the number of the relief, the name, the company, and regiment of every member thereof, and the post to which each is assigned. The list will be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to the sergeant of the guard as soon as completed, the other to be retained by the corporal.
     153. As soon as directed by the officer of the guard, the corporal of the first relief posts his relief.
     154. The corporal forms his relief, and then com­mands: CALL OFF.
     Commencing on the right, the men call off alternately, rear and front rank, "one," "two," "three," "four" and so on; if in single rank, they call off from right to left. The corporal then commands:
     1. Right, 2. PACE, 3, Forward, 4. MARCH.
     If formed in single rank, the corporal commands: 1. Twos right, 2. MARCH.
     In wet weather the relief may be marched at secure arms.
     The corporal marches on the left, and near the rear file, in order to observe the march. The corporal of the old guard marches on the right of the leading file, and takes command when the last one of the old senti­nels is relieved, changing places with the corporal of the new guard.
     155. When the relief arrives at six paces from a sentinel (see par. 228), the corporal halts it and com­mands, according to the number of the post: No. (——).
     Both sentinels execute port arms or saber; the new sentinel approaches the old, halting about one pace from him. (See par. 220.)
     156. The corporals advance and place themselves, facing each other, a little in advance of the new sentinel,

the old corporal on his right, the new corporal on his left, both at a right shoulder, and observe that the old senti­nel transmits correctly his instructions.
     The following diagram will illustrate the positions taken:

          R                                                A                       
        | | | | |                               C|                    |D

        |  | | |                                            __
                                                            B

     R is the relief; A, the new corporal; B, the old; C, the new sentinel ; D, the old.
     157. The instructions relative to the post having been communicated, the new corporal commands, Post; both sentinels then resume the right shoulder, face toward, the new corporal and step back so as to allow the relief to pass in front of them. The new corporal then commands, 1. Forward, 2. MARCH; the old senti­nel takes his place in rear of the relief as it passes him, his piece in the same position as those of the relief. The new sentinel stands fast at a right shoulder until the relief has passed six paces beyond him, when he walks his post. The corporals take their places as the relief passes them.
     158. The sentinels at the guardhouse are the first relieved; they are left at the guardhouse. All others will march with the relief.
     159. Mounted sentinels are posted and relieved in accordance with the same principles. (See par. 1072, Cav. D. R.)
     160. On the return of the old relief, the corporal of the new guard falls out when the relief halts; the corporal of the old guard forms his relief on the left of the old guard, salutes, and reports to the commander of his

guard: "Sir, the relief is present;" or, "Sir, (so and so) is absent," and takes his place in the guard.
     161. To post a relief after the sentinels of the old guard have been relieved, its corporal forms it by the commands:
     1. (Such) relief, 2. FALL IN; and if arms are stacked, 3. Take, 4. ARMS.
     The relief is formed in double or single rank (accord­ing as the guard is formed) facing to the front, with arms at an order (see par. 114); the men place themselves according to the numbers of their respective posts, viz: two, four, six, and so on, in the front rank, one, three, five, and so on, in the rear rank, or in the order of their respective posts from right to left, according as the re­lief is in double or single rank. The corporal, standing about two paces in front of the center of his relief, then commands: CALL OFF.
     The men call off as prescribed (par. 154). The cor­poral then commands:
     1. Port, 2. ARMS, 3. OPEN CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 4. CLOSE CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 5. Order, 6. ARMS; faces the commander of the guard, executes the rifle salute, reports, "Sir, the relief is present;" or, "Sir, (so and so) is absent," and then takes his place on the right at order arms.
     162. Having inspected the relief (see par. 91), the commander of the guard directs the corporal, Post your relief. The corporal salutes and posts his relief as prescribed (pars. 154 to 158); the corporal of the relief on post does not go with the new relief, except when necessary to show the way.
     163. If so directed by the commander of the guard, the corporal, before posting his relief will command: 1. With ball cartridges, 2. LOAD, 3. Lock, 4. PIECES, 5. Order, 6. ARMS.
     164. To dismiss the old relief, it is halted and faced to the front at the guardhouse by the corporal of the

new relief, who then falls out; the corporal of the old relief then steps in front of the relief, and commands: 1. Port, 2. ARMS, 3. OPEN CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 4. CLOSE CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 5. DISMISSED, or, 5. Order, 6. ARMS, 7. Stack, 8. ARMS, 9. DISMISSED.
     165. Should the pieces have been loaded before the relief was posted, the corporal will, before dismissing his relief, see that no cartridges are left in the chambers or magazines. The same rule applies to sentinels over prisoners.
     166. Each corporal will thoroughly acquaint himself with all the special orders of every sentinel on, his relief, and see that each sentinel correctly transmits such orders in detail to his successor.
     167. He will see that each sentinel, on being posted, clearly understands the limits and extent of his post.
     168. There should be at least one noncommissioned officer constantly on the alert at the guardhouse, usually the corporal whose relief is on post. This noncommissioned officer takes post near the entrance of the guardhouse, and does not fall in with the guard when it is formed. He will have his rifle constantly with him.
     169. Whenever it becomes necessary for the corporal to leave his post near the entrance of the guardhouse, he will notify the sergeant of the guard who will at once take his place, or designate another noncommissioned officer to do so.
     170. He will see that no person enters the guardhouse, or guardtent, or crosses the posts of the sentinels there posted, without proper authority.
     171. Should any sentinel call for the corporal of the guard, the corporal will, in every case, at once and quickly proceed to such sentinel. He will notify the sergeant of the guard before leaving the guardhouse.
     172. He will at once report to the commander of the guard any violation of regulations or any unusual

occurrence which is reported to him by a sentinel, or which comes to his notice in any other way.
     173. Should a sentinel call " The Guard," the corporal will promptly notify the commander of the guard.
     174. Should a sentinel call " Relief," the corporal will at once proceed to the post of such sentinel, taking with him the man next for duty on that post. If the sentinel is relieved for a short time only, the corporal will again post him as soon as the necessity for his relief ceases.
     175. When the countersign is used, the corporal at the posting of the relief during whose tour challenging is to begin, gives the countersign to the members of the relief, excepting those posted at the guardhouse.
     176. He will, at the proper time, notify No. 1 of the hour, if sentinels are required to call the hours or half hours of the night.
     177. He will wake the corporal whose relief is next on post in time for the latter to verify the prisoners, form his relief and post it at the proper hour.
     178. Should the guard be turned out, each corporal will call his own relief, and cause its members to fall in promptly.
     179. Tents or bunks in the same vicinity will be designated for the reliefs so that all the members of each relief may, if necessary, be found and turned out by the corporal in the least time and with the least confusion.
     180. When challenged by a sentinel while posting his relief, the corporal commands: 1. Relief, 2. HALT; to the sentinel's challenge he answers " Relief," and at the order of the sentinel, he advances alone to give the countersign, or to be recognized. When the sentinel says " Advance relief,'' the corporal commands: 1. Forward, 2. MARCH.
     If to be relieved, the sentinel is then relieved as prescribed.

     181. Between retreat and reveille, the corporal of the guard will challenge all suspicious looking persons or parties he may observe, first halting his patrol or relief, if either be with him. He will advance them in the same manner that sentinels on post advance like parties (pars. 237 to 243); but if the route of a patrol is on a continuous chain of sentinels, he should not challenge persons coming near him unless he has reason to believe that they have eluded the vigilance of sentinels.
     182. Between retreat and reveille, whenever so ordered by an officer entitled to inspect the guard, the corporal will call: " Turn out the guard," announcing the title of the officer and then, if not otherwise ordered, he will salute and return to his post.
     183. Between retreat and reveille, on the approach of an armed party other than a returning relief or detachment of the guard, he will call: " Turn out the guard. Armed party,'' and .remain where he can observe the movements of the party while the guard is forming, and then return to his post.
     184. As a general rule he will advance parties approaching the guard at night in the same manner that sentinels on post advance like parties. Thus, the senti­nel at the guardhouse challenges and repeats the answer to the corporal, as prescribed hereafter (par. 254); the corporal advancing at port arms, says: "Advance (so and so) with the countersign," or, " to be recognized," if there be no countersign used; the countersign being correctly given, or the party being duly recognized, the corporal says: "Advance (so and so);" repeating the answer to the challenge of the sentinel.
     185. When officers of different rank approach the guardhouse from different directions at the same time, the senior will be advanced first, and will not be made to wait for his junior.
     186. Out of ranks and under arms, the corporal salutes with the rifle salute. He will salute all officers,

whether by day or night.    If marching his relief, he will bring the relief to a port arms before saluting.
     187. The corporal will examine parties halted and detained by sentinels, and if he have reason to believe the parties have no authority to cross sentinels' posts, will conduct them to the commander of the guard.
     188. The corporal of the guard will arrest all suspicious looking characters prowling about the post or camp, all persons of a disorderly character disturbing the peace, and all persons taken in the act of committing crime against the Government on a military reservation or post. All persons arrested by corporals of the guard, or by sentinels, will at once be conducted to the commander of the guard by the corporal.

MUSICIANS OF THE GUARD.

     189. Musicians of the guard are subject to the orders of none but the commanding officer, the officer of the day, officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard.
     190. Unless otherwise directed by the commanding officer, they will remain at the guardhouse during their tour, and will fall in with the guard when it is formed. They form on a line with the front rank of the guard, their left three paces from the right guide.
     191. Musicians of the guard sleep at the guardhouse, unless otherwise directed by the commanding officer.
     192. They will sound all calls prescribed by the commanding officer, and such other calls as may be ordered by proper authority, at such times and places as may be directed.
     193. Should the guard be turned out for national or regimental colors or standards, uncased, the field music of the guard will, when the guard presents arms, sound, " To the color," or, " To the standard;" or, if for any

person entitled thereto, the prescribed march, flourishes, or ruffles, as follows:
     The President—the President's March,
     The General—the General's March,
     The Lieutenant General or the Major General commanding the Army—trumpets sounding three flourishes or drums beating three ruffles,
     A major general—two flourishes or two ruffles,
     A brigadier general—one flourish or one ruffle.
     To the sovereign or chief magistrate of a foreign state or member of a royal family—the same honors as are paid to the President.
     To the Vice President, the members of the Cabinet, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, American or foreign ambassadors, and governors within their respective states or territories—the same honors as to the General.
     To the Assistant Secretary of War and to American or foreign envoys or ministers—the same honors as to the lieutenant general.
     To officers of the Navy—the honors due to their assimilated or relative rank; to officers of marines and volunteers and militia, when in the service of the United States, the honors due to like grades in the regular service ; to officers of a foreign service, the honors due to their rank. (See pars. 449, 450, and 451, A. R.)

ORDERLY FOR THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER.

     194. When so directed, the adjutant will select an orderly for the commanding officer from the members of the new guard, an extra man being detailed for guard for this purpose; the selection is usually made during the inspection at guard mounting.
     195. That soldier will be chosen who is most correct in the performance of duty and in military bearing,

neatest in person and clothing, and whose arms and accouterments are in the best condition. Clothing, arms, and equipments must conform to the regulations prescribing the uniform. If there be doubt as to the rela­tive merits of two or more soldiers, the adjutant may cause them to form in line a few paces in front of the guard, or may proceed to the guardhouse and cause them to form in line a few paces from the guard, after it has been brought to an order. They fall in facing to the front at order arms. The adjutant will cause them to execute the manual of arms, both with and without the numbers, to march, etc., the most proficient being selected as orderly. If doubt still exists, he will subject them to a more minute inspection, or may cause them to draw lots. The adjutant will notify the commander of the guard of his selection.
     196. When directed by the commander of the guard to fall out and report, the orderly will give his name, company, and regiment to the sergeant of the guard, and leaving his rifle in the armrack in his company quarters, will proceed at once to the commanding officer, reporting: " Sir, Private ——— , Company ————, reports as orderly."
     197. If the orderly selected be a cavalryman, he will report equipped with saber belt and saber, unless otherwise directed by the commanding officer, first leaving his carbine in the armrack of his troop quarters.
     198. In the field, or on the march, the equipment of the orderly will be as directed by the commanding officer.
     199. The orderly, while on duty as such, is subject to the orders of the commanding officer only.
     200. When ordered to carry a message, he will be careful to deliver it exactly as it was given to him.
     201. The orderly may be permitted to sleep in his company quarters, or in such other place as the commanding officer may direct.
     202. His tour of duty ends when he is relieved by the orderly selected from the guard relieving his own.

     203. The orderly is a member of the guard, and his name, company, and regiment are entered on the guard report and lists of the guard.
     204. If the necessities of the service require the habitual detail of other orderlies, they are selected and detailed as prescribed for the orderly for the commanding officer. They are subject to the orders of none but the commanding officer, and the officer for whom detailed.

PRIVATES OF THE  GUARD.

     205. Without permission from the commander of the guard, members of the guard, except orderlies, will not leave the immediate vicinity of the guardhouse. Permission to leave will not be given except in cases of necessity.
     206. Members of the guard, except orderlies, will not remove their accouterments or clothing without permission from the commander of the guard. (See par. 99.)
     207. During his tour of guard duty a soldier is subject to the orders of the commanding officer, the officer of the day, the officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard only.
     208. When not engaged in the performance of a specific duty, the proper execution of which would prevent it, a member of the guard will salute all officers who pass him. This rule applies at all hours of the day or night.
     209. Whenever the guard or a relief is dismissed, each member not at once required for duty will place his rifle in the armracks, if they be provided, and will not remove it there from unless he requires it in the performance of some duty.
     210. Privates are assigned to reliefs by the com­mander of the guard, and to posts, usually, by the corporal of their relief. They will not change from one

relief or post to another, during the same tour of guard duty, unless by proper authority.
     211. Should the guard be formed, soldiers will fall in ranks under arms. At a roll call, each man, as his name or number and relief are called, answers "Here," and comes to order arms.
     212. No soldier shall hire another to do his duty for him. (36th Art. of War.)
     213. Any soldier who is found drunk on his guard, party, or other duty, shall suffer such punishment as a court-martial may direct. (38th Art. of War.)

ORDERS FOR SENTINELS  ON POST.

     214. Orders for sentinels on post are divided into two classes, general orders and special orders.
     215. Sentinels will be required to memorize the following :

     My general orders are :
     To take charge of this post and all Government property in view;
     To walk my post in a military manner, keeping constantly on the alert, observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing;
     To report every breach of orders or regulations that I am instructed to enforce;
     To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guard­house than my own;
     To quit my post only when properly relieved;
     To receive, transmit, and obey all orders from, and allow myself to be relieved by the commanding officer, officer of the day, an officer or noncommissioned officer of the guard only;
     To hold conversation with no one except in the proper discharge of my duty;
     In case of fire or disorder to give the alarm;
     To allow no one to commit nuisance in the vicinity of my post;

     In any case not covered by instructions, to call the corporal of the guard;
     To salute all officers, and colors or standards not cased;
     At night to exercise the greatest vigilance. Between retreat (or——o'clock, naming the hour designated by the commanding officer) and broad daylight, (or —— o'clock, naming the hour designated by the commanding officer), challenge all persons seen on or near my post, and allow no person to pass without proper authority.
     216. In addition to the foregoing, sentinels posted at the guardhouse or guardtent, will be required to memorize the following:
     Between reveille and retreat, to turn out the guard for all persons entitled to the compliment, for all colors or standards not cased, and for all armed parties approaching my post, except troops at drill and reliefs or detachments of the guard.
     At night, after challenging any person or party, to advance no one, but call the corporal of the guard, repeating the answer to the challenge.
     217. A sentinel on post is not required to halt and change the position of his rifle on arriving at the end of his post, nor to execute to the rear, march, precisely as prescribed in the drill regulations, but faces about while marching in the way most convenient to him, and either to the right-about or left-about, and at any part of his post, as may be best suited to the proper performance of his duties. He carries his rifle on either shoulder, and in wet or severe weather, when not in the sentry box, may carry it at a secure.
     218. Sentinels, when in sentry boxes, stand at ease. Sentry boxes will be used in wet weather only, or at other times when specially authorized by the commanding officer.
     219. In very hot weather, sentinels may be allowed to stand at ease on their posts, provided they can in this position effectively discharge their duties. Sentinels will be allowed to take advantage of this privilege only

on the express authority of the commander of the guard or the officer of the day.
     220. When calling for any purpose, challenging, or holding communication with any person, a dismounted sentinel, armed with the rifle, carbine, or saber, will take the position of port arms or saber. At night a dismounted sentinel, armed with the pistol, takes the position of raise pistol in challenging or holding communication. A mounted sentinel in the daytime does not ordinarily draw his weapon in calling or in holding communication; but, if drawn, he holds it at advance carbine, raise pistol, or port saber, according as he is armed with the carbine, pistol, or saber. At night, in challenging and in holding communication, he has his weapon at advance carbine, raise pistol, or port saber, according as he is armed with the carbine, pistol, or saber.
     221. A mounted sentinel will not dismount, without authority, while on duty as a sentinel.
     222. A sentinel will quit his piece on an explicit order from any person from whom he lawfully receives orders while on post; under no circumstances will he yield it to any other person. Unless necessity therefore exists, no person will require a sentinel to quit his piece, even to allow it to be inspected.
     223. A sentinel will arrest suspicious persons prowl­ing about the post or camp at any time, all parties to a disorder occurring on or near his post, or any, except authorized persons, who attempt to enter the camp at night, and will turn over all persons arrested to the corporal of the guard.
     224. He will at once report to the corporal of the guard every unusual or suspicious occurrence noticed.
     225. If relief becomes necessary, by reason of sick­ness or other cause, the sentinel will call, "Corporal of the guard, No. (—); Relief," giving the number of his post.

     226. To call the corporal of the guard for any other purpose than for relief, the sentinel will call, "Corporal of the guard, No. (—)," adding the number of his post. In no case will the sentinel call, "Never mind the corporal;" nor will the corporal heed such call if given.
     227. Whenever relieved, a sentinel will repeat, in detail, to his successor, all special orders relating to his post.
     228. If a sentinel is to be relieved, he will halt and face toward the relief with arms at a right shoulder, when the relief is thirty paces from him. He will come to port arms with the new sentinel. The old sentinel, under the supervision of both corporals, gives in a low tone his instructions to the one taking post. (See pars. 155 and 220.)

ORDERS FOR SENTINELS, EXCEPT THOSE AT THE POST OF THE GUARD.

     229. In case of fire, the sentinel will call, "Fire, No. (—)," adding the number of his post; if possible, he will extinguish the fire by his own efforts. In case of disorder he will call, "The guard, No. (—)," adding the number of his post. If the danger be great, he will in either case discharge his piece before calling.

NIGHT  ORDERS.

     230. A sentinel will not permit any person to approach so close as to prevent the proper use of his own weapon before recognizing the person or receiving the countersign.
     231. Between retreat (or the hour designated by the commanding officer) and broad daylight (or the hour designated by the commanding officer), if a sentinel sees any person or party on or near his post, he will advance rapidly along his post toward such person or party and when within about thirty paces will chal-[lenge]

[chal-]lenge sharply, "Halt. Who is there?" He will place himself in the best position to receive or, if necessary, arrest the person or party.
     232. In case a mounted party be challenged, the sentinel will call, " Halt. Dismount. Who is there ? "
     233. A sentinel will not divulge the countersign to anyone except the sentinel who relieves him, or to a person from whom he properly receives orders, on such person's verbal order given personally. Privates of the guard will not use the countersign except in the performance of their duties while posted as sentinels.
     234. Forty-fourth Article of War.—Any person belonging to the armies of the United States, who makes known the watchword to any person not entitled to receive it, according to the rules and discipline of war, or presumes to give a parole or watchword different from that which he received, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
     235. The sentinel will suffer one only of any party to approach him for the purpose of giving the countersign, or, if no countersign be used, of being duly recognized. When this has been done, the whole party is advanced, i.e., allowed to pass.
     236. In all cases the sentinel must satisfy himself beyond a reasonable doubt that the parties are what they represent themselves to be, and have a right to pass. If he be not satisfied, he must cause them to stand, and call the corporal of the guard. So, likewise, if he have no authority to pass persons with the countersign, or when the party challenged has not the countersign, or gives an incorrect one.
     237. When two or more persons approach in one party, the sentinel, on receiving an answer that indicates that some one in the party has the countersign, will say " Advance one with the countersign," and, if the countersign is given correctly, will then say "Advance (so and so)," repeating the answer to his challenge. Thus if the

answer be "Relief (Friends with the countersign, patrol, efc.),"the sentinel will say, ''Advance one with the coun­tersign; " then, " Advance relief (Friends, patrol, etc.)."
     238. If a person having the countersign approach alone, he is advanced to give the countersign. Thus: If the answer be " Friend with the countersign (or officer of the day, or etc.)," the sentinel will say, "Advance, friend (or officer of the day, or etc.), with the countersign;" then, "Advance, friend (or officer of the day, or etc.)."
     239. If two or more parties approach a sentinel's post from different directions at the same time, all such parties are challenged in turn. The senior is first advanced, in accordance with the foregoing rules.
     240. If a party be already advanced, and in communication with a sentinel, the latter will challenge any other party that may approach; if the party challenged be senior to the one already on his post, the sentinel will advance such party at once. The senior may allow him to advance any or all of the other parties; otherwise, the sentinel will not advance any of them until the senior leaves him. He will then advance the senior only of the remaining parties, and so on.
     241. The following order of rank will govern a sentinel in advancing different persons or parties approaching his post at night: Commanding officer, officer of the day, officer of the guard, officers, patrols, reliefs, noncommissioned officers of the guard in the order of rank, friends.
     242. The sentinel will never allow himself to be sur­prised, nor permit two parties to advance upon him at the same time.
     243. If no countersign be used, the rules for challenging are the same. The rules for advancing parties are modified only as follows: Instead of saying "Advance (so and so) with the countersign," the sentinel will say "Advance (so and so) to be recognized." Upon recognition the sentinel will say, "Advance (so and so)."

     244. When not in the presence of the enemy, sentinels may be required to call the hours and half hours between the time when challenging begins and reveille.
     When this is required, they will call successively in the numerical order of their posts, beginning at the guardhouse (see par. 256), each one giving the number of his post, repeating the hour of the night, then adding: "All's well." Thus: "No. 2, Half past eleven o'clock. All's well." This call should be made, and the number of the post and the hour announced in a clear and distinct manner, without unduly prolonging the words.
     245. In case any sentinel fails to call off, the one next preceding him will repeat the call; if the call is not taken up within a reasonable time, he will call the corporal of the guard, and report the facts.

ORDERS FOR SENTINELS AT THE POST OF THE GUARD.

     246. Between reveille and retreat, the sentinel at the post of the guard will turn out the guard on the approach of any of the persons or parties entitled to the compliment. (See pars. 270, 272 to 275.)
     247. The following examples illustrate the manner in which a sentinel at the post of the guard turns out the guard: "Turn out the guard, commanding officer;" " Turn out the guard, Governor of Territory;" " Turn out the guard, national colors;" " Turn out the guard, armed party," etc.
     At the approach of the new guard at guard mount­ing, the sentinel will call, as in the last example: "Turn out the guard, armed party."
     248. Should the person named by the sentinel not desire the guard formed, he will salute, whereupon the sentinel calls, "Never mind the guard."
     249. After having called, "Turn out the guard," the sentinel will not, in any case, call, " Never mind the guard," on the approach of an armed party.

     250. Though the guard be already formed, he will not fail to call, " Turn out the guard," as required in his general orders, except as provided in paragraph 251.
     251. If two or more persons entitled to the compliment approach at the same time, the sentinel will call for the senior only; if the senior does not desire the guard formed, the sentinel then calls, "Never mind the guard." The guard will not be turned out for an officer while a senior entitled to the compliment is at or coming to the post of the guard.
     252. The sentinels at the post of the guard will warn the commander of the approach of any armed body and of the presence in the vicinity of all suspicious or disorderly persons. They will not permit enlisted men to pass without reporting, unless orders to the contrary have been given by the commanding officer.
     253. In case of fire or disorder in sight or hearing, the sentinel at the guardhouse will call the corporal of the guard and report the facts to him.

NIGHT ORDERS.

     254. After receiving an answer to his challenge, the sentinel calls, " Corporal of the guard (so and so)," repeat­ing the answer to his challenge. He does not in such cases repeat the number of his post.
     255. He remains in the position assumed in challenging until the corporal has recognized and advanced the person or party challenged, when he resumes walking his post; if the person or party be entitled thereto, he salutes and, as soon as the salute is acknowledged, resumes walking his post.
     256. In calling the hours of the night, No. 1 will, at the direction of a noncommissioned officer of the guard, call, "No. 1, (such) o'clock." After the call has passed around the chain of sentinels he will call "All's well."

     In the event of such a disposition of posts that the call of the sentinel whose post is last in numerical order can not be heard by No. 1, the call "All's well" may be returned along the line to the sentinel whose voice can be heard at the post of the guard.

COMPLIMENTS FROM SENTINELS.

     257. Sentinels will salute as follows: A dismounted sentinel, armed with the rifle, carbine, or saber, salutes by presenting arms; if otherwise armed he salutes with the right hand.
     A mounted sentinel, if armed with the saber and the saber be drawn, salutes by presenting saber; otherwise, he in all cases salutes with the right hand.
     258. To salute, a dismounted sentinel halts and faces outward, his piece at a right shoulder or his saber at a carry, as the person or party entitled to salute arrives within about thirty paces.