MANUAL

OF GUARD DUTY,

UNITED STATES ARMY.

MANUAL

OF

GUARD   DUTY,

UNITED STATES ARMY.

___________
 

APPROVED JUNE 14, 1902.
___________

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1902.

WAR DEPARTMENT,

ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE

Document No. 167.

WAR DEPARTMENT,
Washington, June 14, 1902.

     The Manual of Guard Duty prepared by the board of officers consisting of Maj. Alexander Rodgers, Fourth Cavalry, Capt. William Lassiter, Artillery Corps, and Capt.  Oscar J. Charles, Fourth Infantry, is approved and is herewith published for the government of the armies of the United States.

ELIHU ROOT,
Secretary of War.

CONTENTS.
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Page

Order approving Manual of Guard Duty ___________________________________________       III
Rosters and detachments ______________________________________________________         1
Commanding officer __________________________________________________________      10
Officer of the day  ____________________________________________________________     11
Commander of the guard _______________________________________________________     13
Sergeant of the guard __________________________________________________________    22
Corporal of the guard __________________________________________________________    26
Musicians of the guard _________________________________________________________     33
Orderly for the commanding officer ________________________________________________    34
Privates of the guard  __________________________________________________________     36
Orders for sentinels on post. ____________________________________________________      37
Orders for sentinels except those at the post of the guard _______________________________     40
Orders for sentinels at the post of the guard  ________________________________________      43
Compliments from sentinels _____________________________________________________     45
Compliments from guards ______________________________________________________      47
Special orders  ______________________________________________________________      49
Color line and sentinels ________________________________________________________      50
Supernumeraries ____________________________________________________________       51
Prisoners __________________________________________________________________       51
Rules for the government of general prisoners at military posts __________________________        58

Page.

Special orders for sentinels in charge of prisoners ___________________________________         66
Guard patrols ______________________________________________________________        70
Countersigns and paroles ______________________________________________________       70
Miscellaneous ______________________________________________________________       72
Stable sergeant and stable orderly ________________________________________________      73
Troop stable guard ___________________________________________________________      76
Battery stable and park guard____________________________________________________     79
Police and fatigue duty_________________________________________________________      80
Property under charge of the guard _______________________________________________      81
Flags ________________________]____________________________________________       82
Reveille and retreat gun  _______________________________________________________      84

     The references apply to the Army Regulations (A. R.) 1901, the Cavalry Drill Regulations (Cav. D. R.) 1896, and the Infantry Drill Regulations (Inf. D. R.) 1891, with modifications in the Manual of Arms, adapted to the magazine rifle, caliber 0.30, 1895.

MANUAL OF GUARD DUTY.
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ROSTERS AND DETACHMENTS.

     1. A roster is a list of officers or men for duty, with a record of the duty performed by each. Generally, details for duty are so made that the one longest off is the first for detail. Details so made are said to be made by roster. (A. R. 423.)
     2. All details for service in garrison and in the field, except the authorized special and extra-duty details, will be by roster; but officers or enlisted men, when detailed, must serve whether a roster be kept or not. Haying performed the service, they may appeal to su­perior authority if they deem themselves aggrieved. (A. R. 424.)
     3. The duties performed by roster are of two classes. The first comprises (1) outposts; (2) interior guards, including stable guards; (3) detachments to protect laborers on military works; (4) armed working parties on such works. The second comprises all other duties and fatigue, in or out of the garrison or camp. (A. R. 425.)
     4. The rosters are distinct for each class. Officers are named on them in the order of rank. Details are made in succession according to roster, beginning at the head. (A. R. 426.)
     5. Lieutenant colonels and majors are on one roster, and may be detailed when the importance of the duty requires it. In the field their roster is kept at division and brigade headquarters. Captains form one roster and are exempt from ordinary fatigue duties. A captain

commanding a battalion is exempt from detail, and duty falling to him passes. Lieutenants form one ros­ter and first and second lieutenants are entered alter­nately. Sergeants, corporals, musicians, and privates form distinct rosters. (A. B. 427.)
     6. Officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates take duties of the first class in the order stated, viz: The first for detail takes the outposts; the next the in­terior guards, and so on. In those of the second class the senior officer takes the largest party. The party first for detail takes the service out of camp. (A. R. 428.)
     7. When an officer has been detailed and is not pres­ent or available at the hour of marching, the next after him takes the duty. When an outpost has passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post, the officer whose tour it was can not take it unless so ordered by the commanding officer, but succeeds to the tour of the officer who has taken his. (A. R. 430. )
     8. Duties of the first class are credited on the roster when the guards or detachments have passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post; other duties, when the parties have entered upon their performance. (A. R. 431.)
     9. In making details by roster, an officer or enlisted  man is each day charged with the number of days that he has remained present and available since the begin­ning of his last tour. Departures from this rule may be authorized by the commanding officer whenever a strict application would allow improper advantage or work hardship. (A. R. 429.)
     10. An officer or enlisted man on duty of the first class, or who is next for detail for such duty, is availa­ble, when relieved, for duty of the second class that has fallen to him during that time. Except in emergencies, no duty will be required of the old officer of the day or the old guard until four hours after they have been relieved. (A. R. 432.)

     11. Soldiers inarch armed, and, if necessary, fully equipped, on all duties of the first class. (A. R. 433.)
     12. In the cavalry, dismounted men and those whose horses are not fit for service are preferred for all dis­mounted details. Mounted men are never employed on such service if the number of dismounted men is suffi­cient. (A. R. 434.)
     13. In the field, every enlisted man of the cavalry detailed for dismounted service will, before he marches, take to the first sergeant of his troop his horse equip­ments and saddle, ready packed. In case of alarm the first sergeant sees that the horses of these men are equipped and led to the rendezvous. (A. R. 435.)
     14. Field and siege batteries serving with other troops will perform their own guard, police, and fatigue duty, and officers and men will be exempt from detail for other duty of like character, except when, in the judgment of the post commander, the necessities of the service will not permit such exemption, in which case he will immediately report his action and the circum­stances to the department commander. (A. R. 436.)
     15. Detachments of the Signal Corps shall be exempt from detail for any other duty, except when, in the judgment of the commanding officer, the importance of the duty will not permit exemption, in which case he will immediately report the circumstances and his action to his superior commander. (A. R. 437.)
     16. When a detachment is to be formed from the different organizations of a command, the adjutant or adjutant general forms its contingent, verifies the de­tails, and sends it to the place of assembly, or turns it over to the detachment commander. (A. R. 440.)
     17. So far as the exigencies of the service will per­mit, detachments for armed service will be formed by taking battalions, companies, platoons, or other subdi­visions in turn, according to the roster. (A. R. 438.)

     18. When the commanding officer deems it advisable, a company may be detailed to form the guard, the com­pany commander being the officer of the day, and the lieutenants officers of the guard. The company is in­spected on its own parade by its commanding officer and marched to the post of the guard by the senior lieutenant.
     The same principle may be made to apply to the de­tail of an organization or subdivision larger or smaller, than a company.
     19. Officers or enlisted men detailed for detached service while on other duty will be relieved from that duty if they can reach camp in time to inarch with the detachment. (A. R. 439.)
     20. When detachments meet, the command is regu­lated while they serve together as if they formed one command, but the senior officer can not prevent the commander of any detachment from moving when he thinks proper to execute the orders he has received. (A. R. 441.)
     21. On the return of a detachment its commander reports to the headquarters from which he received his orders. (A. R. 442.)
     22. At every military post, and in every regiment or separate command in the field, a post or camp guard will be detailed and duly mounted. It will consist of such number of officers and enlisted men as the com­manding officer may deem necessary. It will be com­manded by the senior officer or noncommissioned officer on duty therewith, under the supervision of the officer of the day. (See par. 50.)
     23. A brigade in camp may have one guard for its camp, or one for each regiment in camp; the latter is preferable, and in this case the sentinels between the flanks of regiments may be omitted, or but one sentinel be posted.

     24. At a post or camp, where headquarters of more than one regiment are stationed, or in the case of a small brigade in the field, if but one guard be necessary for the whole post or camp, details will be made from the headquarters of the command, as follows: For officer of the day and officer of the guard, by name, and for noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates from each regiment, by number.
     The adjutant, sergeant major, and band to attend guard mounting will also be designated.
     25. The following are the usual rosters relative to guard duty:
          1. Officers of the day.
          2. Officers of the guard.
          3. Sergeants of the guard.
          4. Corporals of the guard.
          5. Musicians of the guard.
          6. Privates of the guard.
     The first two are kept by the adjutant; the third, fourth, and fifth by the sergeant major, under the supervision of the adjutant, or by the first sergeants of companies, as directed by the commanding officer; the sixth is always kept by the first sergeants. Captains supervise the keeping of the company rosters by their first sergeants, and see that all duties performed by members of the company are duly credited.
     26. Captains serve on the first roster, lieutenants serve on the second and may also be placed on the first roster, at the discretion of the commanding officer.
     27. An officer of the day will be detailed for duty with each guard, and where more than one guard is required in a command, a field officer of the day may also be detailed. The field officer of the day receives his orders from the brigade or division commander, as directed by the latter. Captains may, when necessary, be placed on the roster for field officer of the day.

     28. The detail of officers of the guard will be limited to the necessities of the service and efficient instruction; inexperienced officers may be detailed as supernumerary officers of the guard for purposes of instruction.
     29. Officers serving in staff departments are, at the discretion of the commanding officer, exempt from guard duty.
     30. The details for officers of the day and guard are published at the parade next preceding the commence­ment of their tour. They are also personally notified on the day before their tour, by a written order, when practicable.
     31. Post and camp guards will habitually be relieved every twenty-four hours.
     32. Details for post guards will, as far as practicable, be made so as to insure privates an interval of not less than six days between tours, or only one tour in seven days. When the number of available men at a post is not sufficient to fulfill this requirement, extra and special duty men should be regularly detailed for night guard duty, still performing their usual duties in the daytime.
     Except in emergencies, privates will not be detailed for guard duty oftener than once in five days. When necessary to fulfill this requirement, the number of posts will be diminished and the sentinels required to patrol a sufficient extent of ground to watch over all public property.
     33. The men for post or camp guard are usually taken from all the companies, from each in proportion to its strength.
     34. When details for post or camp guard are made from troops or batteries that also furnish their own stable or stable and park guards, a credit will be allowed each for the number of enlisted men furnished for its stable or stable and park guard, as though they had been de­tailed for post guard.

     35. Special details for herd guard will be credited on the roster for fatigue duty.
     36. The stable sergeant and stable orderly are de­tailed on special duty, for such periods as may be directed by troop commanders, and while on this special duty are not subject to detail for guard.
     37. One supernumerary from each company will usually be detailed; if more are required, the com­manding officer fixes the number.
     38. First sergeants, in detailing supernumeraries, will take the men next on the roster after making the detail for privates of the guard.
     39. Should the adjutant be notified that men are re­quired to fill vacancies in the guard, he will cause the proper number of supernumeraries to report to the commander of the guard, taking them from those com­panies that have furnished less than their proportionate part of the guard. A supernumerary who thus goes on guard will be credited on the company roster with a tour of guard duty as if he had been detailed as a private of the guard.
     40. At first sergeants' call, all the first sergeants re­pair to headquarters and take from the bulletin board all the data necessary for them to make the required details from their respective companies; they make their details accordingly from their rosters.
     41. When practicable, each first sergeant publishes at retreat all the details made from the company. He will also post them on the company bulletin board.
     42. The method of keeping the first sergeants' roster is shown in the model duty roster issued by the Adju­tant General of the Army.
     43. The sergeant major, under the supervision of the adjutant, will keep a record from, which he will each day determine the number of privates required for guard duty from each company. This record is kept in a blank book ruled conveniently for the purpose.

     44. If noncommissioned officers and musicians are not detailed by name from rosters kept by the sergeant major, lie determines, in a similar manner, the number of each to be detailed. He will post on a bulletin board in his office all data required by the first sergeants in making details from their respective companies, giving the names of those detailed by name.
     45. The sergeant major determines the number of privates to be detailed from each company by the fol­lowing rules: Take the number of privates for duty in each company from its morning report for the day next preceding that on which the tour of duty is to com­mence, deducting details for detached service of over twenty-four hours, made after the morning report has been received; the total of these gives the total number of privates available. Then: The total strength is to the strength of a company as the total detail is to the detail from the company. Multiply the total detail by the strength of the company, and divide the result by total strength; carry out to two places of decimals, dis­regarding all smaller fractions. This rule is applied for each company.
     The whole numbers in the results thus obtained are added together, and if the total is less than the total de­tail required, add one to the whole number in the result that has the largest fraction, and so on for each com­pany till the required total is obtained.
     46. There will thus be a difference between the ex­act proportion and the number detailed from each company; this difference is carried forward to the next day's proportion, to be added if a company has furnished less, or to be subtracted if a company has furnished more than its exact proportion, thus:

                       First Day
                       Second Day

THE  COMMANDING OFFICER.

     47. The commanding officer will exact a faithful, correct, and vigilant performance of guard duty in all its details, giving his orders to the officer of the day, or causing them to be communicated to him with the least practicable delay. He prescribes the strength of the guard, the positions of the color link and guard tents, the number and location of the posts of sentinels, the necessary regulations for police and fatigue duties, the uniform and equipment of the guard, and the hours for sounding calls; causes a list of calls to be furnished the commander of the guard; designates the hours for chal­lenging; causes the guard to be habitually relieved every twenty-four hours when' in camp or garrison\ gives the special instructions which the duties of the guard and sentinels require; causes the necessary cop­ies of orders for sentinels to be furnished the com­mander of the guard (see par. 94); he receives the reports of the officers of the day immediately after guard mounting, at his office or at some place previ­ously designated; carefully examines the guard report and the remarks thereon (questioning the old officer of the day, if necessary, concerning his tour of duty); re­lieves the old officer of the day and gives the new officer of the day such instructions as may be necessary.
     48. In case of a small command, requiring modifica­tions of the form prescribed for guard mounting, he gives the necessary instructions as to how the old guard shall be relieved and a new one substituted for it.
     49. He will see that sentinels are so distributed as to require the least possible number of men for guard con­sistent with the object for which the guard is maintained.
     50. The number and posts of sentinels about a regu­larly formed camp are as follows: one over the arms of the guard, and such others as the commanding officer may deem necessary.

     51. When necessary, detached posts may be estab­lished outside the chain of sentinels. These posts are under the orders of the commander of the post or camp guard, and are visited by his patrols.
     52. If necessary or expedient, the commanding officer may require that no person shall pass a sentinel's post unless passed by an officer or noncommissioned officer of the guard; he should also prescribe how and where soldiers and others shall enter or leave the post or camp.
     53. He will determine whether, or not, the counter­sign shall be used.

OFFICER OF THE DAY.

     54. The officer of the day is responsible for the proper performance of duty by the guard with which he marches on and for the enforcement of all police regu­lations. He is charged with the execution of all orders of the commanding officer relating to the safety and good order of the post or camp. His actual tour of duty begins when he receives the report of the adjutant at guard mounting, and ceases when he has been relieved by the commanding officer.
     In the interval between guard mounting and the reports of the officers of the day to the commanding officer, responsibility for the safety and good order of the post or camp and for the enforcement of regula­tions and orders, devolves upon the old officer of the day. The new officer of the day controls his own guard but will conform to the directions of the old officer of the day as to its use during this period.
     55. In the absence of special instructions from the commanding officer, the officer of the day will inspect the guard and sentinels during the day and night at such times as he may deem necessary.
     56. He will prescribe patrols and visits of inspection to be made by officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard.

     57. He will see that the commander of the guard is furnished with the parole and countersign before retreat, and will inform him of the presence in the post or camp of any person entitled to compliment.
     58. In case of an alarm of any kind, the officer of the day will at once take such steps as may be necessary to insure the safety of public property and preserve order in the command, disposing his guard so as best to accom­plish this result.
     59. The officer of the day, in the performance of his duties as such, is subject to the orders of the command­ing officer only, except that in case of an alarm of any kind, and at a time of great danger, the senior line officer present is competent to give necessary orders to the officer of the day for the employment of the portion of his guard not already occupied with duties pre­scribed in this manual and the standing orders of the post or camp.
     60. At the inspections and musters prescribed in Army Regulations, the officer of the day will be present at the post of the guard, but all commands to the guard will be given by the commander of the guard.
     61. The new officer of the day must be present at guard mounting; the old officer of the day also, if so directed by the commanding officer; after the guard has passed in review, or marched to its post, they pro­ceed to the guardhouse, and the old officer of the day gives the new officer of the day the old or standing or­ders, and each, placing himself at a convenient distance from and facing his guard, receives the prescribed sa­lute.
     62. Both officers of the day together verify the num­ber of prisoners and inspect the guardhouse and prem­ises.
     To verify the number of prisoners at the guardhouse, the officers of the day take post in front of and facing the old guard. The new officer of the day, from the

list of prisoners on the report of the commander of the guard, calls the names of the prisoners. Each prisoner, as his name is called, answers" Here, "steps two paces to the front and halts. If any prisoners are out at work, the officers of the day verify their number as is most convenient.
     63. If there are any prisoners with no record of charges against them, the old officer of the day will re­port that fact to the commanding officer, who will give the necessary instructions. (A. R. 1009.)
     64. The old officer of the day will, at guard mount­ing, release all prisoners whose sentences expire that day.
     65. If there be no officer of the guard, the new officer of the day will receipt to the old officer of the day for the articles under charge of the guard. (See par. 436.)
     66. The old officer of the day enters on the report of the commander of the guard such remarks concerning his tour of duty as may be necessary, and signs his name thereto as officer of the day; if he enters no re­marks, he signs his name as officer of the day on the face of the report.
     67. The officers of the day then report to the com­manding officer. On presenting themselves, both salute with the right hand, remaining covered. The old officer of the day, standing on the right of the new, then says: "Sir, I report as old officer of the day, "and presents the guard report. As soon as the commanding officer noti­fies the old officer of the day that he is relieved, the old officer of the day salutes the commanding officer and retires. The new officer of the day again salutes and says: " Sir, I report as new officer of the day," and then receives his instructions.

COMMANDER OF THE  GUARD.

     68. The senior officer or noncommissioned officer of the guard is commander of the guard.

     69. The commander of the guard is responsible for the instruction and discipline of the guard. He will see that all its members are correctly instructed in their orders and duties, and that they understand and properly perform them.
     70. He receives and obeys the orders of the com­manding officer and the officer of the day, and reports to the latter without delay all orders relating to the guard not given or transmitted by him; he transmits to his successor all material instructions and information relating to his duties.
     71. He is responsible under the officer of the day for the general safety of the post or camp as soon as the old guard marches away from the guardhouse. In case of any emergency occurring while both guards are at the guardhouse, the senior commander of the two guards will be responsible that proper action is taken.
     72. Officers of the guard will remain constantly with their guards, except while visiting sentinels or necessa­rily engaged elsewhere in the performance of their duty. The commanding officer will allow a reasonable time for meals.
     73. A commander of a guard leaving his post for any purpose will mention his destination and the probable duration of his absence to the next in command.
     74. Except in emergencies, the commander of the guard may divide the night with the next in command, but retains his responsibility; the one on watch must be constantly on the alert.
     75. When any alarm is raised in a camp or garrison, the guard will be formed immediately. If the case be serious, the proper call will be sounded, and the com­mander of the guard will cause the commanding officer and the officer of the day to be at once notified.
     76. If a sentinel calls: " The Guard," the commander of the guard will at once send a patrol to such sentinel's post. If the danger be great, in which case the sentinel

will discharge his piece, the patrol will be as strong as possible.
     77. When practicable, there should always be an officer or noncommissioned officer and at least two pri­vates of the guard at the guardhouse, in addition to the sentinels there on post.
     78. The commander of the guard will see that the guard is formed promptly, and under arms, when turned out for any purpose whatever.
     79. Between reveille and retreat, when the guard has been turned out for any person entitled thereto (see par. 270), the commander of the guard, if an officer, will receive the report of the sergeant of the guard, re­turning the salute of the latter with the right hand. He will then draw his sword, and place himself two paces in front of the center. When the person for whom the guard has been turned out approaches, the com­mander of the guard faces his guard, commands: 1. Present, 2. arms ; faces to the front and salutes. When his salute is acknowledged, he resumes the carry, faces about, commands: 1. Order, 2. ARMS; and faces to the front.
     If it be an officer entitled to inspect the guard, after saluting and before bringing his guard to the order, the officer of the guard reports: "Sir, the guard is present;" or, "Sir, the guard and prisoners are present;" or, "Sir, the guard is present and the prisoners are secure;" or, " Sir, (so and so] is absent;" except that at guard mounting the commanders of the guards present their guards and salute without making any report.
     Between retreat and reveille, the commander of the guard salutes and reports, but does not bring the guard to a present.
     80. To those entitled to have the guard turned out but not entitled to inspect it, no report will be made; nor will a report be made to any officer, unless he halts in front of the guard.

     81. When a guard commanded by a noncommissioned officer is turned out as a compliment or for inspection, the noncommissioned officer, standing at a right shoulder on the right of the right guide, commands: 1. Present, 2. arms. He then himself executes the rifle salute.
     If a report be also required, he will, after saluting and before bringing his guard to the order, report as pre­scribed for the officer of the guard. (See par. 79.)
     82. If a guard be commanded by a commissioned officer, no compliments will be paid to persons except those entitled to have the guard turned out. (See par. 270.)
     83. An officer commanding a guard, marching his guard to or from the guardhouse, will salute all persons entitled to compliment from the guard. (See par. 270.)
     A noncommissioned officer inarching a guard or relief will salute all officers.
     In both cases the pieces are brought to the port arms before the commander of the guard salutes.
     84. A guard being in line, and not under inspection, when commanded by a noncommissioned officer, is brought to "attention" when an officer not entitled to have the guard turned out passes, and the noncommis­sioned officer salutes with the rifle salute.
     85. If the person entitled to compliment pass in rear of the guard, it does not salute, but stands at attention at an "order," facing to the front.
     86. After any person entitled to the compliment has been saluted by the guard or guards, official recognition of his presence thereafter, while he remains in the same vicinity, will be taken by bringing the guard or guards to attention.
     87. The commander of the guard will inspect his guard at reveille and retreat to assure himself that the men are in proper condition to perform their duties and that their arms and equipments are in proper order;

for inspection by other officers, he prepares the guard -as directed in each case by the inspecting officer.
     88. Any person having authority to inspect a guard, and who wishes to do so, will, after its commander has reported, direct him to prepare it for inspection, stating in what manner.
     89. The guard will not be paraded during ceremonies unless so ordered by the commanding officer.
     90. At all formations of the guard or reliefs, he will see that the chambers and magazines of rifles or car­bines are opened as soon as the men have fallen in.
     91. After receiving the report of its corporal, he will inspect each relief before it goes on post to assure himself that every sentinel is properly armed and equipped and is in proper condition to perform his duties. The same rule applies to all patrols and sentinels over pris­oners. The relief first posted after guard mounting need not be thus inspected.
     92. He will see that sentinels are habitually relieved every two hours, unless the weather or other cause make it necessary or proper that it be done at shorter or longer intervals, as directed by the commanding officer.
     93. He will question his noncommissioned officers and sentinels relative to the instructions they may have received from the old guard; he will see that patrols and visits of inspection are made as directed by the officer of the day.
     94. He will see that the orders for each sentinel are posted, either written or printed, in the guardhouse, and, if practicable, in the sentry box or other sheltered place to which the sentinel has constant access. (See par. 47.)
     95. He will see that the proper calls are sounded at the hours appointed by the commanding officer.
     96. Should a member of the guard be taken sick, or be arrested, or desert, or leave his guard, the commander

of the guard will at once notify the adjutant.    (See par. 39.)
     97. He will, when the countersign is used, com­municate it to the noncommissioned officers of the guard and see that it is duly communicated to sentinels "before the hour for challenging; the countersign will not be given to sentinels posted at the guardhouse.
     98. He will have the details for hoisting the flag at reveille, and lowering it at retreat, made in time for the proper performance of these duties (see pars. 447-448); he will see that the flags are kept in the best condition possible, and that they are never handled except in the proper performance of duty.
     99. The commander of the guard may permit members of the guard -while at the guardhouse to remove their head dress, overcoats, and gloves; if they leave the guardhouse for any purpose whatever, he will require that they shall be properly equipped and armed according to the character of the service in which engaged, or as directed by the commanding officer.
     100. He will enter in the guard report a report of his tour of duty, and, on the completion of his tour, will present it to the officer of the day. He will transmit with his report all passes turned in at the post of the guard.
     101. Whenever a prisoner is sent to the guardhouse or guardtent for confinement, the commander of the guard will cause him to be searched, and will, without unnecessary delay, report the case to the officer of the day.
     102. If anyone is to be passed out of camp at night, he is sent to the commander of the guard who will have him passed beyond the sentinels.
     103. The commander of the guard will detain at the guardhouse all suspicious characters, or parties attempting to pass a sentinel's post without authority, reporting

his action to the officer of the day, to whom persons so arrested will be sent, if necessary.
     104. He will inspect the guardrooms and cells, and the irons of such prisoners as may be ironed, at least once during his tour, and at such other times as he may deem necessary.
     105. The commander of the guard will cause the corporals of the old and new reliefs to verify together, immediately before each relief goes on post, the number of prisoners who should then properly be at the guard­house.
     106. He will see that the sentences of prisoners under his charge are executed strictly as confirmed by the re­viewing authority.
     107. He will cause sentinels over working parties of prisoners to be taken from those assigned to posts guarded at night only. If there be none such, he will cause this duty to be divided as equally as possible among the privates of his guard.
     108. He will inspect all meals sent to the guardhouse for the prisoners and see that the quantity and quality are in accordance with regulations.
     109. At guard mounting he will report to the old officer of the day all cases of prisoners whose terms of sentence expire on that day, as also all cases of prisoners concerning whom no statement of charges has been received. (See par. 303.)
     110. The commander of the guard is responsible for the security of prisoners under the charge of his guard; he becomes responsible for them after their number has been verified and they have been turned over to the custody of his guard, whether at the guardhouse or out at work.
     111. To receive the prisoners at the guardhouse after their number has been verified by the officers of the day, the commander of the new guard directs his

sergeant to form the guard with an interval, and commands :
     1. Prisoners, 2. Right, 3. FACE, 4. Forward,  5. MARCH.
     The prisoners having arrived opposite the interval in the new guard, he commands:
     1. Prisoners, 2. HALT, 3. Left, 4. FACE, 5. Right (or Left) backward, 6. DRESS, 7. FRONT.
     The prisoners dress on the line of the new guard.
     112. After the new guard arrives at its post, and has saluted the old guard, each guard is presented by its commander to its officer of the day; if there be but one officer of the day present, or if one officer acts in the capacity of old and new officer of the day, each guard is presented to him by its commander.
     113. If other persons entitled to a salute approach, each commander of the guard will bring his own guard to attention if not already at attention. The senior commander of the two guards will then command:
1. Old and new guards, 2. Present, 3. ARMS.
     The junior will salute at the command present arms given by the senior. After the salute has been acknowl­edged, the senior brings both guards to the order.
     114. After the salutes have been acknowledged by the officers of the day, each guard is brought to an order by its commander; the commander of the new guard then directs the orderly or orderlies to fall out and report, and causes bayonets to be fixed if so ordered by the commanding officer; bayonets will not then be unfixed during the tour except in route marches while the guard is actually marching, or when specially directed by the commanding officer.                           
     The commander of the new guard then falls out mem­bers of the guard for detached posts, placing them under charge of the proper noncommissioned officers, divides the guard into three reliefs, first, second, and third, from right to left, and directs a list of the guard to be made by reliefs. When the guard consists of troops of different

arms combined, the men are assigned to reliefs so as to insure a fair division of duty, under rules prescribed by the commanding officer.
     115. The sentinels and detachments of the old guard are at once relieved by members of the new guard; the two guards standing at ease or at rest while these changes are being made. The commander of the old transmits to the commander of the new guard all his orders, instructions, and information concerning the guard and its duties. The commander of the new guard then takes possession of the guardhouse and property, receipting for the latter in the guard report of the com­mander of the old guard.
     116. When all the detachments and sentinels of the old guard have formed on its left, its commander causes bayonets to be unfixed, if not already unfixed, and marches off his guard, as prescribed in Drill Regulations, Cav., pars. 1073 and 1084; Inf., par. 728. When the old guard has marched past the post of the guard, the new guard stacks arms and is dismissed; or, if armracks are provided, the new guard is dismissed, and the arms are placed in the racks; or the men may be required to keep their arms constantly with them.
     117. Detachments of the guard having separate posts are relieved in the same manner as prescribed for the guard, and then marched to the post of the guard.
     118. If considerable time is required to bring in that portion of the old guard still on post, the commanding officer may direct that as soon as the orders and property are turned over to the new guard, the portion of the old guard at the guardhouse, may be marched off and. dismissed as prescribed. In such a case, the re­maining detachment or detachments of the old guard will be inspected by the new officer of the guard when they reach the guardhouse. He will direct the senior noncommissioned officer of the old guard present to

march the said detachments off and dismiss them in the prescribed manner.
     119. A supernumerary officer of the guard receives and obeys the orders of the commander of the guard, assisting him in the performance of his duties.

SERGEANT OF THE  GUARD.

     120. The senior noncommissioned officer of the guard always acts as sergeant of the guard, and, if there be no officer of the guard, will perform the duties prescribed for the commander of the guard.
     121. The sergeant of the guard has general super­vision over the other noncommissioned officers and the musicians and privates of the guard, and must be thoroughly familiar with all their orders and duties.
     122. He is directly responsible for the property under charge of the guard, and will see that it is properly cared for. He will make lists of articles taken out by working parties, and see that all such articles are duly returned. If any are not, he will immediately report the fact to the commander of the guard.
     123. Immediately after guard mounting he will prepare duplicate lists of the names of all noncommissioned officers, musicians, and privates of the guard, showing the relief and post or duties of each. One list will be handed as soon as possible to the commander of the guard; the other will be retained by the sergeant.
     124. He will see that reliefs are turned out at the proper time, and that the corporals thoroughly understand, and are prompt and efficient in the discharge of their duties.
     125. During the temporary absence from the guardhouse of the sergeant of the guard, the next in rank of the noncommissioned officers present will perform his duties.
     126. Should the corporal whose relief is on post be called away from the guardhouse, the sergeant of the

guard will designate a noncommissioned officer to take the corporal's place until his return.
     127. After breakfast, and after stable duty in the cavalry, he will cause the guardhouse or guardtent and the space around it to be policed by the prisoners, if there be any, or by members of the guard if there be no prisoners. (A. R. 447.)
     128. He will see that the guardroom and cells are thoroughly policed twice daily, morning and evening.
     129. At first sergeants' call he will proceed to the Adjutant's office and obtain the guard report book.
     130. When the national or regimental colors are taken from the stacks of the color line, the color bearer and guard, or the sergeant of the guard, unarmed, and two armed privates as a guard, will escort the colors to the colonel's quarters, as prescribed for the color guard in Infantry Drill Regulations, par. 499.
     131. Upon the return of soldiers having passes, the passes will be given to the sergeant of the guard, who will indorse upon them the time at which each of the men included in a pass returns; at guard mounting he will turn them in to the commander of the guard.
     132. He will report to the commander of the guard any suspicious or unusual occurrence that comes under his notice, will warn him of the approach of any armed body, and will send to him all persons arrested by the guard.
     133. When the guard is turned out, its formation will be as follows: The senior noncommissioned officer, if commander of the guard, is on the right of the right guide; if not commander of the guard, he is in the line of file closers, in rear of the right four of the guard; the next in rank is right guide; the next, left guide; the others, in the line of file closers, usually, each in rear of his relief; the field music, with its left three paces to the right of the right guide. The reliefs form in the same order as when the guard was first divided, except

that if the guard consists of dismounted cavalry and infantry, the cavalry forms on the left.
     134. The sergeant forms the guard, calls the roll, and, if not in command of the guard, reports to the com­mander of the guard as prescribed in Drill Regulations for a first sergeant forming a troop or company; the guard is not divided into platoons or sections, and, except when the whole guard is formed prior to marching off, fours are not counted.
     135. The sergeant reports as follows: " Sir, the guard is present;" or, " Sir, the guard and prisoners are present;" or, " Sir, the guard is present, and the prisoners are secure;" or, "Sir, (so and so) is absent;" or, if the roll call has been omitted, " Sir, the guard is formed." Only men absent without proper authority are reported absent. He then takes his place, without command.
     136. At night, the roll may be called by reliefs and numbers instead of names; thus, the first relief being on post: Second relief, Corporal; No. 1; No. 2, etc. Third relief, Corporal; No. 1, etc.
     137. Calling the roll will be dispensed with in forming the guard when it is turned out as a compliment, on the approach of an armed body, or in any sudden emergency; "but in such cases the roll may be called before dismiss­ing the guard. If the guard be turned out for an officer entitled to inspect it, the roll will, unless he directs otherwise, always be called before a report is made.
     138. When directed by the officer of the guard to dismiss the guard, the sergeant salutes, steps in front of the guard, and commands:
     1. Port, 2. ARMS, 3. OPEN CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 4. CLOSE CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 5. DISMISSED, or, 5. Order, 6. ARMS,   7.  Stack, 8. ARMS,   9.  DISMISSED. (Par. 116.)
     139. The sergeant of the guard has direct charge of the prisoners and is responsible to the commander of the guard for their security.

     140. He will carry the keys of the guardroom and cells, and will not suffer them to leave his personal pos­session while he is at the guardhouse, except as herein after provided (par. 142.) Should he leave the guard­house for any purpose, he will turn the keys over to the noncommissioned officer who takes his place. (Par. 125.)
     141. He will count the knives, forks, etc., given to the prisoners with their food, and see that none of these articles remain in their possession. He will see that no forbidden articles of any kind are conveyed to the prisoners.
     142. Prisoners, when paraded with the guard, are placed in line, in its center. The sergeant, immediately before forming the guard, will turn over his keys to the noncommissioned officer at the guardhouse. Having formed the guard, he will divide it into two nearly equal parts. Indicating the point of division with his hand, he commands:
     1. Right (or Left), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH, 5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Left (or Right), 8. FACE.
     If the first command be right face, the right half of the guard only will execute the movements; if left face, the left half only will execute them. The command halt is given when sufficient interval is obtained to admit the prisoners. The doors of the guardroom and cells are then opened by the noncommissioned officer having the keys. The prisoners will file out under the supervision of the sergeant, the noncommissioned officer and sentinel on duty at the guardhouse, and such other sentinels as may be necessary; they will form in line in the inter­val between the two parts of the guard.
     143. To return the prisoners to the guardroom and cells, the sergeant commands:
     1. Prisoners, 2. Right (or Left), 3. FACE, 4. Forward, 5. Column right (or Left), 6. MARCH.
     The prisoners, under the same supervision as before, return to their proper rooms or cells.

     144. To close the guard, the sergeant commands:
     1. Left (or Right), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH, 5. Guard, 6. HALT, 7. Right (or Left), 8. FACE.
     The left or right half only of the guard, as indicated, executes the movement.
     145. If there be but few prisoners, the sergeant may indicate the point of division as above, and form the necessary interval by the commands:
     1. Right (or Left) step, 2. MARCH, 3. Guard, 4. HALT, and close the intervals by the commands:
     1. Left (or Right) step, 2. MARCH, 3. Guard, 4. HALT.
     146. If sentinels are numerous, reliefs may, at the discretion of the commanding officer; be posted in de­tachments, and sergeants, as well as corporals, required to relieve and post them.
     147. Sergeants assigned to reliefs perform the duties prescribed for corporals of the guard. They will not be so assigned unless the number of corporals detailed for guard be less than the number of reliefs.

CORPORAL OF THE  GUARD.

     148. Corporals of the guard are assigned to reliefs by the commander of the guard.
     149. A corporal of the guard receives and obeys orders from none but noncommissioned officers of the guard senior to himself, the officers of the guard, the officer of the day, and the commanding officer.
     150. It is the duty of the corporal of the guard to post and relieve sentinels, and to instruct the members of his relief in their orders and duties.
     151. Immediately after the division of the guard into reliefs the corporals will assign the members of their respective reliefs to posts by number, and a soldier so assigned to his post will not be changed to another during the same tour of guard duty, unless by direction of the commander of the guard or higher authority.

Usually, experienced soldiers are placed over the arms of the guard, and at remote and responsible posts.
     152. Each corporal will then make a list of the mem­bers of his relief, including himself. This list will con­tain the number of the relief, the name, the company, and regiment of every member thereof, and the post to which each is assigned. The list will be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to the sergeant of the guard as soon as completed, the other to be retained by the corporal.
     153. As soon as directed by the officer of the guard, the corporal of the first relief posts his relief.
     154. The corporal forms his relief, and then com­mands: CALL OFF.
     Commencing on the right, the men call off alternately, rear and front rank, "one," "two," "three," "four" and so on; if in single rank, they call off from right to left. The corporal then commands:
     1. Right, 2. PACE, 3, Forward, 4. MARCH.
     If formed in single rank, the corporal commands: 1. Twos right, 2. MARCH.
     In wet weather the relief may be marched at secure arms.
     The corporal marches on the left, and near the rear file, in order to observe the march. The corporal of the old guard marches on the right of the leading file, and takes command when the last one of the old senti­nels is relieved, changing places with the corporal of the new guard.
     155. When the relief arrives at six paces from a sentinel (see par. 228), the corporal halts it and com­mands, according to the number of the post: No. (——).
     Both sentinels execute port arms or saber; the new sentinel approaches the old, halting about one pace from him. (See par. 220.)
     156. The corporals advance and place themselves, facing each other, a little in advance of the new sentinel,

the old corporal on his right, the new corporal on his left, both at a right shoulder, and observe that the old senti­nel transmits correctly his instructions.
     The following diagram will illustrate the positions taken:

          R                                                A                       
        | | | | |                               C|                    |D

        |  | | |                                            __
                                                            B

     R is the relief; A, the new corporal; B, the old; C, the new sentinel ; D, the old.
     157. The instructions relative to the post having been communicated, the new corporal commands, Post; both sentinels then resume the right shoulder, face toward, the new corporal and step back so as to allow the relief to pass in front of them. The new corporal then commands, 1. Forward, 2. MARCH; the old senti­nel takes his place in rear of the relief as it passes him, his piece in the same position as those of the relief. The new sentinel stands fast at a right shoulder until the relief has passed six paces beyond him, when he walks his post. The corporals take their places as the relief passes them.
     158. The sentinels at the guardhouse are the first relieved; they are left at the guardhouse. All others will march with the relief.
     159. Mounted sentinels are posted and relieved in accordance with the same principles. (See par. 1072, Cav. D. R.)
     160. On the return of the old relief, the corporal of the new guard falls out when the relief halts; the corporal of the old guard forms his relief on the left of the old guard, salutes, and reports to the commander of his

guard: "Sir, the relief is present;" or, "Sir, (so and so) is absent," and takes his place in the guard.
     161. To post a relief after the sentinels of the old guard have been relieved, its corporal forms it by the commands:
     1. (Such) relief, 2. FALL IN; and if arms are stacked, 3. Take, 4. ARMS.
     The relief is formed in double or single rank (accord­ing as the guard is formed) facing to the front, with arms at an order (see par. 114); the men place themselves according to the numbers of their respective posts, viz: two, four, six, and so on, in the front rank, one, three, five, and so on, in the rear rank, or in the order of their respective posts from right to left, according as the re­lief is in double or single rank. The corporal, standing about two paces in front of the center of his relief, then commands: CALL OFF.
     The men call off as prescribed (par. 154). The cor­poral then commands:
     1. Port, 2. ARMS, 3. OPEN CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 4. CLOSE CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 5. Order, 6. ARMS; faces the commander of the guard, executes the rifle salute, reports, "Sir, the relief is present;" or, "Sir, (so and so) is absent," and then takes his place on the right at order arms.
     162. Having inspected the relief (see par. 91), the commander of the guard directs the corporal, Post your relief. The corporal salutes and posts his relief as prescribed (pars. 154 to 158); the corporal of the relief on post does not go with the new relief, except when necessary to show the way.
     163. If so directed by the commander of the guard, the corporal, before posting his relief will command: 1. With ball cartridges, 2. LOAD, 3. Lock, 4. PIECES, 5. Order, 6. ARMS.
     164. To dismiss the old relief, it is halted and faced to the front at the guardhouse by the corporal of the

new relief, who then falls out; the corporal of the old relief then steps in front of the relief, and commands: 1. Port, 2. ARMS, 3. OPEN CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 4. CLOSE CHAMBER AND MAGAZINE, 5. DISMISSED, or, 5. Order, 6. ARMS, 7. Stack, 8. ARMS, 9. DISMISSED.
     165. Should the pieces have been loaded before the relief was posted, the corporal will, before dismissing his relief, see that no cartridges are left in the chambers or magazines. The same rule applies to sentinels over prisoners.
     166. Each corporal will thoroughly acquaint himself with all the special orders of every sentinel on, his relief, and see that each sentinel correctly transmits such orders in detail to his successor.
     167. He will see that each sentinel, on being posted, clearly understands the limits and extent of his post.
     168. There should be at least one noncommissioned officer constantly on the alert at the guardhouse, usually the corporal whose relief is on post. This noncommissioned officer takes post near the entrance of the guardhouse, and does not fall in with the guard when it is formed. He will have his rifle constantly with him.
     169. Whenever it becomes necessary for the corporal to leave his post near the entrance of the guardhouse, he will notify the sergeant of the guard who will at once take his place, or designate another noncommissioned officer to do so.
     170. He will see that no person enters the guardhouse, or guardtent, or crosses the posts of the sentinels there posted, without proper authority.
     171. Should any sentinel call for the corporal of the guard, the corporal will, in every case, at once and quickly proceed to such sentinel. He will notify the sergeant of the guard before leaving the guardhouse.
     172. He will at once report to the commander of the guard any violation of regulations or any unusual

occurrence which is reported to him by a sentinel, or which comes to his notice in any other way.
     173. Should a sentinel call " The Guard," the corporal will promptly notify the commander of the guard.
     174. Should a sentinel call " Relief," the corporal will at once proceed to the post of such sentinel, taking with him the man next for duty on that post. If the sentinel is relieved for a short time only, the corporal will again post him as soon as the necessity for his relief ceases.
     175. When the countersign is used, the corporal at the posting of the relief during whose tour challenging is to begin, gives the countersign to the members of the relief, excepting those posted at the guardhouse.
     176. He will, at the proper time, notify No. 1 of the hour, if sentinels are required to call the hours or half hours of the night.
     177. He will wake the corporal whose relief is next on post in time for the latter to verify the prisoners, form his relief and post it at the proper hour.
     178. Should the guard be turned out, each corporal will call his own relief, and cause its members to fall in promptly.
     179. Tents or bunks in the same vicinity will be designated for the reliefs so that all the members of each relief may, if necessary, be found and turned out by the corporal in the least time and with the least confusion.
     180. When challenged by a sentinel while posting his relief, the corporal commands: 1. Relief, 2. HALT; to the sentinel's challenge he answers " Relief," and at the order of the sentinel, he advances alone to give the countersign, or to be recognized. When the sentinel says " Advance relief,'' the corporal commands: 1. Forward, 2. MARCH.
     If to be relieved, the sentinel is then relieved as prescribed.

     181. Between retreat and reveille, the corporal of the guard will challenge all suspicious looking persons or parties he may observe, first halting his patrol or relief, if either be with him. He will advance them in the same manner that sentinels on post advance like parties (pars. 237 to 243); but if the route of a patrol is on a continuous chain of sentinels, he should not challenge persons coming near him unless he has reason to believe that they have eluded the vigilance of sentinels.
     182. Between retreat and reveille, whenever so ordered by an officer entitled to inspect the guard, the corporal will call: " Turn out the guard," announcing the title of the officer and then, if not otherwise ordered, he will salute and return to his post.
     183. Between retreat and reveille, on the approach of an armed party other than a returning relief or detachment of the guard, he will call: " Turn out the guard. Armed party,'' and .remain where he can observe the movements of the party while the guard is forming, and then return to his post.
     184. As a general rule he will advance parties approaching the guard at night in the same manner that sentinels on post advance like parties. Thus, the senti­nel at the guardhouse challenges and repeats the answer to the corporal, as prescribed hereafter (par. 254); the corporal advancing at port arms, says: "Advance (so and so) with the countersign," or, " to be recognized," if there be no countersign used; the countersign being correctly given, or the party being duly recognized, the corporal says: "Advance (so and so);" repeating the answer to the challenge of the sentinel.
     185. When officers of different rank approach the guardhouse from different directions at the same time, the senior will be advanced first, and will not be made to wait for his junior.
     186. Out of ranks and under arms, the corporal salutes with the rifle salute. He will salute all officers,

whether by day or night.    If marching his relief, he will bring the relief to a port arms before saluting.
     187. The corporal will examine parties halted and detained by sentinels, and if he have reason to believe the parties have no authority to cross sentinels' posts, will conduct them to the commander of the guard.
     188. The corporal of the guard will arrest all suspicious looking characters prowling about the post or camp, all persons of a disorderly character disturbing the peace, and all persons taken in the act of committing crime against the Government on a military reservation or post. All persons arrested by corporals of the guard, or by sentinels, will at once be conducted to the commander of the guard by the corporal.

MUSICIANS OF THE GUARD.

     189. Musicians of the guard are subject to the orders of none but the commanding officer, the officer of the day, officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard.
     190. Unless otherwise directed by the commanding officer, they will remain at the guardhouse during their tour, and will fall in with the guard when it is formed. They form on a line with the front rank of the guard, their left three paces from the right guide.
     191. Musicians of the guard sleep at the guardhouse, unless otherwise directed by the commanding officer.
     192. They will sound all calls prescribed by the commanding officer, and such other calls as may be ordered by proper authority, at such times and places as may be directed.
     193. Should the guard be turned out for national or regimental colors or standards, uncased, the field music of the guard will, when the guard presents arms, sound, " To the color," or, " To the standard;" or, if for any

person entitled thereto, the prescribed march, flourishes, or ruffles, as follows:
     The President—the President's March,
     The General—the General's March,
     The Lieutenant General or the Major General commanding the Army—trumpets sounding three flourishes or drums beating three ruffles,
     A major general—two flourishes or two ruffles,
     A brigadier general—one flourish or one ruffle.
     To the sovereign or chief magistrate of a foreign state or member of a royal family—the same honors as are paid to the President.
     To the Vice President, the members of the Cabinet, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, American or foreign ambassadors, and governors within their respective states or territories—the same honors as to the General.
     To the Assistant Secretary of War and to American or foreign envoys or ministers—the same honors as to the lieutenant general.
     To officers of the Navy—the honors due to their assimilated or relative rank; to officers of marines and volunteers and militia, when in the service of the United States, the honors due to like grades in the regular service ; to officers of a foreign service, the honors due to their rank. (See pars. 449, 450, and 451, A. R.)

ORDERLY FOR THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER.

     194. When so directed, the adjutant will select an orderly for the commanding officer from the members of the new guard, an extra man being detailed for guard for this purpose; the selection is usually made during the inspection at guard mounting.
     195. That soldier will be chosen who is most correct in the performance of duty and in military bearing,

neatest in person and clothing, and whose arms and accouterments are in the best condition. Clothing, arms, and equipments must conform to the regulations prescribing the uniform. If there be doubt as to the rela­tive merits of two or more soldiers, the adjutant may cause them to form in line a few paces in front of the guard, or may proceed to the guardhouse and cause them to form in line a few paces from the guard, after it has been brought to an order. They fall in facing to the front at order arms. The adjutant will cause them to execute the manual of arms, both with and without the numbers, to march, etc., the most proficient being selected as orderly. If doubt still exists, he will subject them to a more minute inspection, or may cause them to draw lots. The adjutant will notify the commander of the guard of his selection.
     196. When directed by the commander of the guard to fall out and report, the orderly will give his name, company, and regiment to the sergeant of the guard, and leaving his rifle in the armrack in his company quarters, will proceed at once to the commanding officer, reporting: " Sir, Private ——— , Company ————, reports as orderly."
     197. If the orderly selected be a cavalryman, he will report equipped with saber belt and saber, unless otherwise directed by the commanding officer, first leaving his carbine in the armrack of his troop quarters.
     198. In the field, or on the march, the equipment of the orderly will be as directed by the commanding officer.
     199. The orderly, while on duty as such, is subject to the orders of the commanding officer only.
     200. When ordered to carry a message, he will be careful to deliver it exactly as it was given to him.
     201. The orderly may be permitted to sleep in his company quarters, or in such other place as the commanding officer may direct.
     202. His tour of duty ends when he is relieved by the orderly selected from the guard relieving his own.

     203. The orderly is a member of the guard, and his name, company, and regiment are entered on the guard report and lists of the guard.
     204. If the necessities of the service require the habitual detail of other orderlies, they are selected and detailed as prescribed for the orderly for the commanding officer. They are subject to the orders of none but the commanding officer, and the officer for whom detailed.

PRIVATES OF THE  GUARD.

     205. Without permission from the commander of the guard, members of the guard, except orderlies, will not leave the immediate vicinity of the guardhouse. Permission to leave will not be given except in cases of necessity.
     206. Members of the guard, except orderlies, will not remove their accouterments or clothing without permission from the commander of the guard. (See par. 99.)
     207. During his tour of guard duty a soldier is subject to the orders of the commanding officer, the officer of the day, the officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard only.
     208. When not engaged in the performance of a specific duty, the proper execution of which would prevent it, a member of the guard will salute all officers who pass him. This rule applies at all hours of the day or night.
     209. Whenever the guard or a relief is dismissed, each member not at once required for duty will place his rifle in the armracks, if they be provided, and will not remove it there from unless he requires it in the performance of some duty.
     210. Privates are assigned to reliefs by the com­mander of the guard, and to posts, usually, by the corporal of their relief. They will not change from one

relief or post to another, during the same tour of guard duty, unless by proper authority.
     211. Should the guard be formed, soldiers will fall in ranks under arms. At a roll call, each man, as his name or number and relief are called, answers "Here," and comes to order arms.
     212. No soldier shall hire another to do his duty for him. (36th Art. of War.)
     213. Any soldier who is found drunk on his guard, party, or other duty, shall suffer such punishment as a court-martial may direct. (38th Art. of War.)

ORDERS FOR SENTINELS  ON POST.

     214. Orders for sentinels on post are divided into two classes, general orders and special orders.
     215. Sentinels will be required to memorize the following :

     My general orders are :
     To take charge of this post and all Government property in view;
     To walk my post in a military manner, keeping constantly on the alert, observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing;
     To report every breach of orders or regulations that I am instructed to enforce;
     To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guard­house than my own;
     To quit my post only when properly relieved;
     To receive, transmit, and obey all orders from, and allow myself to be relieved by the commanding officer, officer of the day, an officer or noncommissioned officer of the guard only;
     To hold conversation with no one except in the proper discharge of my duty;
     In case of fire or disorder to give the alarm;
     To allow no one to commit nuisance in the vicinity of my post;

     In any case not covered by instructions, to call the corporal of the guard;
     To salute all officers, and colors or standards not cased;
     At night to exercise the greatest vigilance. Between retreat (or——o'clock, naming the hour designated by the commanding officer) and broad daylight, (or —— o'clock, naming the hour designated by the commanding officer), challenge all persons seen on or near my post, and allow no person to pass without proper authority.
     216. In addition to the foregoing, sentinels posted at the guardhouse or guardtent, will be required to memorize the following:
     Between reveille and retreat, to turn out the guard for all persons entitled to the compliment, for all colors or standards not cased, and for all armed parties approaching my post, except troops at drill and reliefs or detachments of the guard.
     At night, after challenging any person or party, to advance no one, but call the corporal of the guard, repeating the answer to the challenge.
     217. A sentinel on post is not required to halt and change the position of his rifle on arriving at the end of his post, nor to execute to the rear, march, precisely as prescribed in the drill regulations, but faces about while marching in the way most convenient to him, and either to the right-about or left-about, and at any part of his post, as may be best suited to the proper performance of his duties. He carries his rifle on either shoulder, and in wet or severe weather, when not in the sentry box, may carry it at a secure.
     218. Sentinels, when in sentry boxes, stand at ease. Sentry boxes will be used in wet weather only, or at other times when specially authorized by the commanding officer.
     219. In very hot weather, sentinels may be allowed to stand at ease on their posts, provided they can in this position effectively discharge their duties. Sentinels will be allowed to take advantage of this privilege only

on the express authority of the commander of the guard or the officer of the day.
     220. When calling for any purpose, challenging, or holding communication with any person, a dismounted sentinel, armed with the rifle, carbine, or saber, will take the position of port arms or saber. At night a dismounted sentinel, armed with the pistol, takes the position of raise pistol in challenging or holding communication. A mounted sentinel in the daytime does not ordinarily draw his weapon in calling or in holding communication; but, if drawn, he holds it at advance carbine, raise pistol, or port saber, according as he is armed with the carbine, pistol, or saber. At night, in challenging and in holding communication, he has his weapon at advance carbine, raise pistol, or port saber, according as he is armed with the carbine, pistol, or saber.
     221. A mounted sentinel will not dismount, without authority, while on duty as a sentinel.
     222. A sentinel will quit his piece on an explicit order from any person from whom he lawfully receives orders while on post; under no circumstances will he yield it to any other person. Unless necessity therefore exists, no person will require a sentinel to quit his piece, even to allow it to be inspected.
     223. A sentinel will arrest suspicious persons prowl­ing about the post or camp at any time, all parties to a disorder occurring on or near his post, or any, except authorized persons, who attempt to enter the camp at night, and will turn over all persons arrested to the corporal of the guard.
     224. He will at once report to the corporal of the guard every unusual or suspicious occurrence noticed.
     225. If relief becomes necessary, by reason of sick­ness or other cause, the sentinel will call, "Corporal of the guard, No. (—); Relief," giving the number of his post.

     226. To call the corporal of the guard for any other purpose than for relief, the sentinel will call, "Corporal of the guard, No. (—)," adding the number of his post. In no case will the sentinel call, "Never mind the corporal;" nor will the corporal heed such call if given.
     227. Whenever relieved, a sentinel will repeat, in detail, to his successor, all special orders relating to his post.
     228. If a sentinel is to be relieved, he will halt and face toward the relief with arms at a right shoulder, when the relief is thirty paces from him. He will come to port arms with the new sentinel. The old sentinel, under the supervision of both corporals, gives in a low tone his instructions to the one taking post. (See pars. 155 and 220.)

ORDERS FOR SENTINELS, EXCEPT THOSE AT THE POST OF THE GUARD.

     229. In case of fire, the sentinel will call, "Fire, No. (—)," adding the number of his post; if possible, he will extinguish the fire by his own efforts. In case of disorder he will call, "The guard, No. (—)," adding the number of his post. If the danger be great, he will in either case discharge his piece before calling.

NIGHT  ORDERS.

     230. A sentinel will not permit any person to approach so close as to prevent the proper use of his own weapon before recognizing the person or receiving the countersign.
     231. Between retreat (or the hour designated by the commanding officer) and broad daylight (or the hour designated by the commanding officer), if a sentinel sees any person or party on or near his post, he will advance rapidly along his post toward such person or party and when within about thirty paces will chal-[lenge]

[chal-]lenge sharply, "Halt. Who is there?" He will place himself in the best position to receive or, if necessary, arrest the person or party.
     232. In case a mounted party be challenged, the sentinel will call, " Halt. Dismount. Who is there ? "
     233. A sentinel will not divulge the countersign to anyone except the sentinel who relieves him, or to a person from whom he properly receives orders, on such person's verbal order given personally. Privates of the guard will not use the countersign except in the performance of their duties while posted as sentinels.
     234. Forty-fourth Article of War.—Any person belonging to the armies of the United States, who makes known the watchword to any person not entitled to receive it, according to the rules and discipline of war, or presumes to give a parole or watchword different from that which he received, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
     235. The sentinel will suffer one only of any party to approach him for the purpose of giving the countersign, or, if no countersign be used, of being duly recognized. When this has been done, the whole party is advanced, i.e., allowed to pass.
     236. In all cases the sentinel must satisfy himself beyond a reasonable doubt that the parties are what they represent themselves to be, and have a right to pass. If he be not satisfied, he must cause them to stand, and call the corporal of the guard. So, likewise, if he have no authority to pass persons with the countersign, or when the party challenged has not the countersign, or gives an incorrect one.
     237. When two or more persons approach in one party, the sentinel, on receiving an answer that indicates that some one in the party has the countersign, will say " Advance one with the countersign," and, if the countersign is given correctly, will then say "Advance (so and so)," repeating the answer to his challenge. Thus if the

answer be "Relief (Friends with the countersign, patrol, efc.),"the sentinel will say, ''Advance one with the coun­tersign; " then, " Advance relief (Friends, patrol, etc.)."
     238. If a person having the countersign approach alone, he is advanced to give the countersign. Thus: If the answer be " Friend with the countersign (or officer of the day, or etc.)," the sentinel will say, "Advance, friend (or officer of the day, or etc.), with the countersign;" then, "Advance, friend (or officer of the day, or etc.)."
     239. If two or more parties approach a sentinel's post from different directions at the same time, all such parties are challenged in turn. The senior is first advanced, in accordance with the foregoing rules.
     240. If a party be already advanced, and in communication with a sentinel, the latter will challenge any other party that may approach; if the party challenged be senior to the one already on his post, the sentinel will advance such party at once. The senior may allow him to advance any or all of the other parties; otherwise, the sentinel will not advance any of them until the senior leaves him. He will then advance the senior only of the remaining parties, and so on.
     241. The following order of rank will govern a sentinel in advancing different persons or parties approaching his post at night: Commanding officer, officer of the day, officer of the guard, officers, patrols, reliefs, noncommissioned officers of the guard in the order of rank, friends.
     242. The sentinel will never allow himself to be sur­prised, nor permit two parties to advance upon him at the same time.
     243. If no countersign be used, the rules for challenging are the same. The rules for advancing parties are modified only as follows: Instead of saying "Advance (so and so) with the countersign," the sentinel will say "Advance (so and so) to be recognized." Upon recognition the sentinel will say, "Advance (so and so)."

     244. When not in the presence of the enemy, sentinels may be required to call the hours and half hours between the time when challenging begins and reveille.
     When this is required, they will call successively in the numerical order of their posts, beginning at the guardhouse (see par. 256), each one giving the number of his post, repeating the hour of the night, then adding: "All's well." Thus: "No. 2, Half past eleven o'clock. All's well." This call should be made, and the number of the post and the hour announced in a clear and distinct manner, without unduly prolonging the words.
     245. In case any sentinel fails to call off, the one next preceding him will repeat the call; if the call is not taken up within a reasonable time, he will call the corporal of the guard, and report the facts.

ORDERS FOR SENTINELS AT THE POST OF THE GUARD.

     246. Between reveille and retreat, the sentinel at the post of the guard will turn out the guard on the approach of any of the persons or parties entitled to the compliment. (See pars. 270, 272 to 275.)
     247. The following examples illustrate the manner in which a sentinel at the post of the guard turns out the guard: "Turn out the guard, commanding officer;" " Turn out the guard, Governor of Territory;" " Turn out the guard, national colors;" " Turn out the guard, armed party," etc.
     At the approach of the new guard at guard mount­ing, the sentinel will call, as in the last example: "Turn out the guard, armed party."
     248. Should the person named by the sentinel not desire the guard formed, he will salute, whereupon the sentinel calls, "Never mind the guard."
     249. After having called, "Turn out the guard," the sentinel will not, in any case, call, " Never mind the guard," on the approach of an armed party.

     250. Though the guard be already formed, he will not fail to call, " Turn out the guard," as required in his general orders, except as provided in paragraph 251.
     251. If two or more persons entitled to the compliment approach at the same time, the sentinel will call for the senior only; if the senior does not desire the guard formed, the sentinel then calls, "Never mind the guard." The guard will not be turned out for an officer while a senior entitled to the compliment is at or coming to the post of the guard.
     252. The sentinels at the post of the guard will warn the commander of the approach of any armed body and of the presence in the vicinity of all suspicious or disorderly persons. They will not permit enlisted men to pass without reporting, unless orders to the contrary have been given by the commanding officer.
     253. In case of fire or disorder in sight or hearing, the sentinel at the guardhouse will call the corporal of the guard and report the facts to him.

NIGHT ORDERS.

     254. After receiving an answer to his challenge, the sentinel calls, " Corporal of the guard (so and so)," repeat­ing the answer to his challenge. He does not in such cases repeat the number of his post.
     255. He remains in the position assumed in challenging until the corporal has recognized and advanced the person or party challenged, when he resumes walking his post; if the person or party be entitled thereto, he salutes and, as soon as the salute is acknowledged, resumes walking his post.
     256. In calling the hours of the night, No. 1 will, at the direction of a noncommissioned officer of the guard, call, "No. 1, (such) o'clock." After the call has passed around the chain of sentinels he will call "All's well."

     In the event of such a disposition of posts that the call of the sentinel whose post is last in numerical order can not be heard by No. 1, the call "All's well" may be returned along the line to the sentinel whose voice can be heard at the post of the guard.

COMPLIMENTS FROM SENTINELS.

     257. Sentinels will salute as follows: A dismounted sentinel, armed with the rifle, carbine, or saber, salutes by presenting arms; if otherwise armed he salutes with the right hand.
     A mounted sentinel, if armed with the saber and the saber be drawn, salutes by presenting saber; otherwise, he in all cases salutes with the right hand.
     258. To salute, a dismounted sentinel halts and faces outward, his piece at a right shoulder or his saber at a carry, as the person or party entitled to salute arrives within about thirty paces.
     If the officer approaches along the post, the salute will be given when the officer arrives at the distance of about six paces.
     If he passes in front of the sentinel, but not along the post, he is saluted just before he passes the sentinel's front.
     If he crosses the post, he is saluted just before he crosses.
     The sentinel will remain at the present until his salute is returned, or until the person saluted has passed.
     He resumes walking his post when the person saluted has passed about six paces beyond him.
     259. A sentinel in a sentry box, armed with the rifle or carbine, stands at attention at an order, on the approach of a person or party entitled to salute, and salutes by presenting arms in accordance with the foregoing rules.

     If armed with, the saber, he stands at the carry and salutes as before.
     260. A mounted sentinel on a regular post halts, faces outward and salutes in accordance with the fore­going rules; if doing patrol duty, he salutes but does not halt unless spoken to.
     261. Sentinels salute in accordance with the fore­going rules, all persons and parties entitled to compli­ments from the guard (pars. 270, 272, 273, 275); officers of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps; military and naval officers of foreign powers; officers of volunteers and militia when in the service of the United States.
     262. A sentinel salutes as above prescribed when an officer comes on his post; if the officer holds communication with the sentinel, the sentinel salutes again when the officer leaves him.
     During the hours when challenging is prescribed, the first salute is given as soon as the officer has been duly recognized and advanced. A mounted sentinel armed with the carbine or pistol, or a dismounted sentinel armed with the pistol, does not salute after challenging. He stands at advance carbine or raise pistol until the officer passes.
     263. In case of the approach of an armed party of the guard, the sentinel will halt when it is about thirty paces from him, facing toward the party, with his piece at the right shoulder. If not himself relieved, he will, as the party passes, place himself so that it will pass in front of him; he resumes walking his post when the party has passed six paces beyond him.
     264. Except as provided in pars. 261 and 263, sentinels do not halt or salute on the approach of any armed or unarmed body of troops, unless the same are commanded by a commissioned officer.
     265. The rules for saluting applicable to sentinels over prisoners are prescribed in par. 365.

     266. Saluting distance is the limit within which individuals and insignia of rank can be readily recognized ; it is assumed to be about thirty paces.
     267. An officer is entitled to the compliments prescribed, whether in uniform or not.
     268. If an officer or group of officers remain on or near a sentinel's post, the sentinel salutes but once; after that he walks his post.
     269. A sentinel in communication with an officer will not interrupt the communication to salute a junior, unless directed by the senior to do so.

COMPLIMENTS FROM GUARDS.

     270. Between reveille and retreat, the guard of a post or camp turns out and presents arms to the follow­ing : The President; sovereign or chief magistrate of a foreign country and members of a royal family; Vice President; President of the Senate; American and foreign ambassadors; members of the Cabinet; Chief Justice; Speaker of the House of Representatives; com­mittees of Congress officially visiting a military post; governors within their respective states or territories; governors general;* Assistant Secretary of War offi­cially visiting a military post; all general officers of the Army; general officers of a foreign service visiting a post; naval, marine, volunteer, and militia officers in the service of the United States and holding the relative rank of general officer; American and foreign envoys or ministers; ministers resident accredited to the United States; charges d'affaires; consuls general ac­credited to the United States; commanding officer of the post or camp; officer of the day.
     271.  The relative rank between officers of the Army and Navy is as follows: General with admiral, lieutenant general with vice admiral, major general with rear
_______________________________________________________________________________
* The term '' governors general'' shall be taken to mean administrative officers under whom officers with the title of governor are acting.

admiral, brigadier general with commodore, * colonel with captain, lieutenant colonel with commander, major with lieutenant commander, captain with lieutenant, first lieutenant with lieutenant (junior grade), second lieutenant with ensign. (A. B. 12.)
     272. Guards will turn out and present arms when the national or regimental colors or standards, not cased, are carried past by a color guard or any armed party. This rule applies also when the party carrying the colors is at drill. If the drill is conducted in the vicinity of the guardhouse, the guard will be turned out when the colors first pass and not thereafter.
     Colors and standards when cased will not be saluted, nor will the guard turn out for them.
     273. All guards will turn out under arms when armed parties, except troops at drill and reliefs or detachments of the guard, approach their posts. To parties commanded by commissioned officers they will present arms, officers saluting.
     274. The old guard will turn out and present arms on the approach of the new guard, and the new guard will present arms as the old guard marches past, commanders of both guards saluting in both cases, whatever be the grade of either commander.
     275. In case the remains of a deceased officer or soldier are carried past, the guard will turn out and present arms.
     276. The commander of an armed party should have his command at attention and at a port arms before returning the salute of a guard or sentinel and until he has passed six paces beyond the guard or sentinel.
     277. Guards will, subject to the provisions of par. 86, turn out and present arms to persons entitled to the

compliment as often as they pass. The personal guard of a general officer will turn out to him and to his superiors in rank only.
     278. Guards do not turn out as a matter of compliment after sunset, nor will any compliments be paid by the guard as a formed body between retreat and reveille, except as provided in par. 274.
     279. From reveille until retreat is the interval be­tween the firing of the morning and the evening gun; or if no gun be fired it is the interval between the sounding of the first note of the reveille, or the first march, if marches be played, and the last note of the retreat.
     280. A guard may be turned out between retreat and reveille by direction of any person entitled to inspect it.
     281. All guards and sentinels will pay the same compliments to civil officers of the Government, to officers in the military or civil service of foreign powers, to officers of the Navy and Marine Corps, and to officers of volunteers and militia when in the service of the United States, that are directed to be paid to officers of the Army of corresponding rank. (See pars. 270 and 271.)

SPECIAL ORDERS.

     282. Special orders define the duties to be performed by a sentinel on a particular post, and are prescribed by the commanding officer.
     283. The number, limits, and extent of his post will invariably constitute part of the special orders of every sentinel on post. The limits of his post should be so defined as to include every place to which he is required to go in the performance of his duties.
     284. The sentinel at the commanding officer's tent will warn him, day or night, of any unusual movement in or about the camp.
     285. Special orders for sentinels over the colors and over prisoners will be found in pars. 294 and 364 to 368, inclusive.

COLOR LINE AND  SENTINELS.

     286. A sufficient number of sentinels is placed on the color line to guard the colors and stacks.
     287. In camps of instruction, the proper number of sentinels for the color line will be selected from the guard by the adjutant at guard mounting, the required number of extra men being detailed for guard for this purpose. They are designated color sentinels, and are selected in the manner prescribed for the selection of the orderly for the commanding officer. (See par. 195.)
     288. Color sentinels so selected are on post only so long as the stacks are formed. If necessary, their places are taken at night by the other sentinels posted on the color front or on the flanks.
     289. When stacks are broken, the color sentinels may be permitted to return to their respective companies. They are required to report in person to the commander of the guard at, reveille and retreat. They will fall in with the guard, under arms, at guard mounting.
     290. Color sentinels are not placed on the regular reliefs, nor are their posts numbered. In calling for the corporal of the guard, they call, "Corporal of the guard. Color line."
     291. The time of walking post on the color line is equally divided among the color sentinels by the commander of the guard.
     292. A color sentinel on post is subject to, and will observe all the general orders prescribed for sentinels on other posts.
     293. Officers or enlisted men passing the uncased colors will render the prescribed salute; with no arms in hand, the salute will be made by uncovering. If the colors are on the stacks, the salute will be made on crossing the color line, or on passing the colors. (A. B. 451.)

SPECIAL ORDERS FOR COLOR SENTINELS.

     294. A sentinel placed over the colors will not permit them to be moved, except in the presence of an armed escort. Unless otherwise ordered by the commanding officer he will allow no one to touch them but the color bearer, or a noncommissioned officer of the guard.
     He will not permit any soldier to take arms from the stacks, or to touch them, except by order of an officer, or a noncommissioned officer of the guard.
     If any person passing the colors or crossing the color line fails to salute the colors, the sentinel will caution him to do so, and if the caution be not heeded, he will call the corporal of the guard and report the facts.

SUPERNUMERARIES.

     295. Supernumeraries will not be allowed to leave the camp or garrison; they will hold themselves constantly in readiness for detail as members of the guard. They will not, however, be excused from ordinary camp or garrison duties, but will not be detailed for anything that may interfere with their duties as supernumeraries. (See pars. 87 to 39.)

PRISONERS.

     296. The following articles of war bear directly upon the subject of the confinement of prisoners by a military guard, and their provisions must be carefully observed:
     ARTICLE 66. Soldiers charged with crimes shall be confined until tried by court-martial, or released by proper authority.
     ART. 67. No provost marshal, or officer commanding a guard, shall refuse to receive or keep any prisoner committed to his charge by an officer belonging to the

forces of the United States; provided the officer committing shall, at the same time, deliver an account in writing, signed by himself, of the crime charged against the prisoner.
     ART. 68. Every officer to whose charge a prisoner is committed shall, within twenty-four hours after such commitment, or as soon as he is relieved from his guard, report in writing to the commanding officer the name of such prisoner, the crime charged against him, and the name of the officer committing him ; and if he fails to make such report, he shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
     ART. 69. Any officer who presumes, without proper authority, to release any prisoner committed to his charge, or suffers any prisoner so committed to escape, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
     ART. 70. No officer or soldier put in arrest shall be continued in confinement more than eight days, or until such time as a court-martial can be assembled.
     297. The Revised Statutes of the United States contain the following section:
     SECTION 2151. No person apprehended by military force under the preceding section shall be detained longer than five days after arrest and before removal. All officers and soldiers who may have any such person in custody shall treat him with all the humanity which the circumstances may permit. The preceding section referred to, section 2150, R. S. (quoted in par. 564 A. R.), provides for the employment, by direction of the President, of the military forces of the United States in the execution of certain laws relative to Indians and to the Indian country.
     298. The commander of a guard will place a civilian in confinement on an order from higher authority only, unless such civilian be arrested while in the act of committing some crime within the limits of the military

jurisdiction; in which case the commanding officer will be immediately notified.
     299. Civilian prisoners and soldiers in confinement belonging to other commands are temporarily attached to companies for rations.
     300. Noncommissioned officers will not be confined at the guardhouse in company with privates, except in aggravated cases or where escape is feared, but will be placed in arrest in their barracks or quarters.
     Their names will be entered on the guard report, and at formations of their companies, troops, or batteries, they will report to the1 commander of the guard unless required to attend with their companies, etc.; if the guard is paraded at the same time, they take their places in the line of file closers of the guard. (A. R. 1005.)
     301. The arrest of a noncommissioned officer or the confinement of a soldier will, as soon as practicable, be reported to his company or detachment commander by the officer authorizing the arrest. (A. R. 1007.)
     302. Except as provided in the twenty-fourth article of war, or when restraint is necessary, no soldier will be confined without the order of an officer, who shall previously inquire into his offense. (A. R. 1006.)
     303. An officer ordering a soldier into confinement will send, as soon as practicable, a written statement, signed by himself, to the commander of the guard, setting forth the name, company, and regiment of such soldier, and a brief statement of his alleged offense. It is sufficient statement of the offense to give the number of the article of war under which the soldier is charged.
     304. A prisoner, after his first day of confinement, and until his sentence has been duly promulgated, is con­sidered as held in confinement under the authority of the commanding officer. After the due promulgation of his sentence, the prisoner is held in confinement by authority of the officer who reviews the proceedings of

the court awarding sentence. The commander of the guard will state in his report, in the proper place, the name of the officer by whom the prisoner was originally confined.
     305. Enlisted men against whom charges have been preferred will be designated as "Awaiting trial;" enlisted men who have been tried will, prior to the promulgation of the result, be designated as "Awaiting result of trial;" enlisted men serving sentences of confinement not involving dishonorable discharge will be designated as "Garrison prisoners;" those sentenced to dishonorable discharge and to terms of confinement in penitentiaries or at military posts will be designated as " General prisoners." (A. R. 1004.)
     306. When court-martial orders are to be published at parade, the prisoners whose sentences are to be published will be marched to the place of parade by a detachment of the guard of suitable strength, com­manded by a sergeant, and with at least one noncommissioned officer or private as file closer. The prisoners will be placed in the center of the detachment. As soon as the command is formed, the sergeant will march his party to a position behind the most convenient flank of the command and halt it there, the outer flank of the detachment opposite the outer flank of the command and the front rank of the detachment three paces behind the line of file closers. If at regimental parade, the detachment will be halted in rear of the most convenient flank of the center or right center battalion. The sergeant causes the detachment to stand at parade rest while the command is at that position.
     During the exercises in the manual the detachment stands fast at an order. At the adjutant's directions to bring forward the prisoners, the sergeant will march his party, at a right shoulder, by the most convenient means around the flank and along the front of the command, three paces in front of the line of company

officers, until opposite the center of the command, where he will halt it and face it to the front. Each prisoner, as his name is called, will step three paces to the front, halt, uncover, and remain uncovered during the publication of the orders in his case. He will then cover, face about, and take his place in the detachment When all the court-martial orders have been published, the adjutant will direct the sergeant to remove the prisoners. The sergeant then marches his party, arms at a right shoulder, by the most convenient means along the front until past the flank of the command, and if at battalion parade, by the most direct route back to the guard; if at regimental parade, he marches his party around the same flank as before, and thence in rear of the file closers by the most direct route back to the guard.
     A soldier who has been acquitted will not be paraded in front of the command to hear the orders in his case published; nor will a noncommissioned officer be so paraded unless his offense has been an aggravated one, or his sentence imposes reduction to the ranks; in this case his chevrons will be removed before he is paraded with the detachment.
     307. When the orders are not to be read at parade, the officer of the guard, or officer of the day if there be no officer of the guard, will read the sentences of prisoners to them when the order promulgating the same is received.
     308. When the date for the commencement of a term of confinement imposed by sentence of a court-martial is not expressly fixed by the sentence, the term of confinement begins on the date of the order promulgating it. The sentence is continuous until the term expires, except when the person sentenced is absent without authority. (A. R. 1045.)
     309. When soldiers awaiting result of trial or undergoing sentence, commit offenses for which they are tried,

the second sentence will be executed upon the expiration of the first.    (A. R. 1049.)
     310. Prisoners awaiting trial by, or undergoing sentence of, general court-martial, and those confined for serious offenses will, if practicable, be kept apart from those confined by sentence of an inferior court, or for minor offenses. Enlisted men awaiting trial or awaiting result of trial will not be sent to work with garrison or general prisoners if it can be avoided, and may, in the discretion of the commanding officer, be required to attend drills, or sent to work, under charge of a sentinel during the usual working hours. General prisoners will not be confined with other prisoners except in cases of necessity. (A. R,. 1008.)
     311. Prisoners will not be placed in irons except under sentence of a court-martial, or in the extraordinary case of a prisoner who, in the judgment of the commanding officer, is a desperate or dangerous character, in which case report of action and the circumstances will be immediately made to the department commander. A prisoner may be shackled or handcuffed while being transported from one post to another, or from a post to a penitentiary when, in the judgment of the officer in charge, the escape of the prisoner can not otherwise be prevented. (A. R. 1010.)
     312. Prisoners, other than general prisoners, will be furnished with food from the general mess, their respective companies, or from the organizations to which they may be temporarily attached.
     The food of the prisoners will, when practicable, be sent to their places of confinement, but post commanders may arrange to send the prisoners, under proper guard, to their messes for meals.
     When there is no special mess for general prisoners, they will be attached for rations to companies or to the general mess,

     313. Enlisted men bringing meals for the prisoners will not be allowed to enter the prison room. (See par. 357.)
     314. The working hours of prisoners, except when otherwise directed by the commanding officer, are from reveille to retreat, with proper intermissions for meals.
     315. No prisoners will be allowed to leave the guard­house unless under the special charge of a sentinel and passed by a noncommissioned officer of the guard.
     316. Prisoners reporting themselves sick at sick call, or at the time designated by the commanding officer, will be sent to the hospital under charge of proper guard, with a sick report kept for the purpose. The recommendation of the surgeon will be entered in the guard report.
     317. The security of sick prisoners in the hospital devolves upon the post surgeon who will, if necessary, apply to the post commander for a guard.
     318. Prisoners will be paraded with the guard at reveille and retreat roll calls and, except those out at work, at guard mounting, but at no other times unless by direction of the commanding officer.
     319. A prisoner under charge of a sentinel will not salute an officer.
     320. A general prisoner, when released from confinement at a post, will be carefully examined and a record of all marks, scars, and physical peculiarities made by a medical officer on the outline figure card used in the examination of recruits, which the medical officer will forward direct to the Surgeon General. (A. R. .1015.)
     321. All serviceable clothing which belongs to a prisoner, and his blankets, will accompany him to the post designated for his confinement, and will be fully itemized on the clothing list sent to that post. The guard in charge of the prisoner during transfer, will be furnished with a duplicate of this list and will be held responsible

for the delivery of all articles, itemized therein, with the prisoner. At least one serviceable woolen blanket will be sent with every such prisoner so transferred. (A. B. 1013.)
     322. When mattresses are not supplied, each prisoner in the guardhouse will be allowed a bed sack and 30 pounds of straw per month for bedding. So far as practicable, iron bunks will be furnished to all prisoners in post guardhouses and prison rooms. (A. R. 1161.)

RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF GENERAL PRISONERS AT MILITARY POSTS.

(G. 0. No. 55, Oct. 21, 1895.)

     323. The commanding officer will detail a commissioned officer as "officer in charge of prisoners," and a noncommissioned officer as "overseer of prisoners," to assist the officer in charge. A second noncommissioned officer may be detailed if necessary.
     324. The officer in charge will make a daily inspection of the cells, prison, and mess rooms, looking to their security and proper police, the quality, cooking, and service of the meals, and will receive, investigate; and submit to the commanding officer all complaints concerning the same. Under the direction of the commanding officer he will supervise all working parties of prisoners, and will make frequent inspections with a view to enforcing attention to and the proper execution of such labor as may be directed. He will see that the prisoners are kept constantly employed at least eight hours a day. (See par. 314.)
     325. He will have charge of the property, money, and valuables belonging to prisoners which they are not permitted to keep in their possession, and will disburse said money, when desired by the owner, for such purposes as may be approved by the commanding officer.

     326. He will prepare and forward all reports and re­turns required, and at the end of each month will pre­pare "Statement of prisoners in confinement," on blanks to be furnished by the Adjutant General of the Army, and forward a copy thereof to that officer and a copy to the department commander through the post commander.
     327. The following books and accounts will be kept: Descriptive Book, recording names of prisoners, company, regiment, date of entry into prison, offense for which convicted, order promulgating sentence, date and place of discharge from service, health and result of physical examination, description of person, nativity, name and address of nearest relative, age, special marks, and such other data as may be necessary to identify the prisoner. Morning Report Book. Daily Merit Book, showing at what work prisoners are employed and figure of merit earned, also good time credit. Personal Property Book. Mess Fund Account Book. Clothing Book.
     328. Pars. 829 to 362 will be read to, or by, every prisoner as soon as practicable after his confinement, and a copy of the same, which will be furnished from the Adjutant General's Office, will be kept posted in each cell and room.
     329. Prisoners will be divided into first, second, and third classes. On admission, they will be placed in the second class, and may be reduced to the third class for misconduct, or promoted to the first class for good con­duct. The first class will be composed of those whose quiet, orderly habits, and general good conduct in the second class shall prove them worthy of promotion. A limited number of the first class, who have not more than four months to serve, may be paroled for work in the Quartermaster's Department as mechanics, teamsters, or laborers. No paroled prisoner will be employed about the post exchange or the quarters of any officer

except as a mechanic or laborer under the direction of the quartermaster. Promotions and reductions of prisoners will be made by the commanding officer.
     330. Every general prisoner on admission will be minutely searched and allowed to retain in his possession only proper clothing and necessary toilet articles. He will then be required to bathe. His hair will be cut close and his beard, whiskers, and mustache trimmed.
     331. Prisoners will bathe at least once a week; they will wear their hair short. The beard, whiskers, and mustache of every third-class prisoner will be shaved off and the hair cut close once a fortnight. The hair and beard of a prisoner may be permitted to grow during the last month of his confinement.
     332. A list of all articles taken from a prisoner will be entered in the Personal Property Book. These articles will be suitably marked with the prisoner's name and stored until his discharge, when they will be returned to him.
     333. The prison rooms will be properly policed, good order and quiet demeanor maintained, and necessary measures taken for security. The names of occupants of cells will be posted on the doors. Each cell and prison room will be inspected at least once a day, for the purpose of detecting contraband articles and of seeing whether any alterations have been made or attempted which might facilitate escape.
     334. A record will be kept of all violations of these rules, or infractions of discipline, and a report of the same by the overseer will be handed to the officer in charge to accompany the morning report.
     335. As one of the means of classifying prisoners as provided in paragraph 329, a daily record will be kept in the Daily Merit Book of the work of all prisoners employed inside the prison or guardhouse, as follows:
     (a) If a prisoner does his work as well as any good man working for wages, is at all times attentive, diligent,

quiet, and orderly, obeys his instructions strictly, and shows entire willingness to learn, his conduct is excellent, and he should be marked three.
     (b) If a prisoner does His work well, is attentive, quiet, orderly, and obeys instructions, but fails to do the best he can, his conduct is good, and he should be marked two.
     (c) If a prisoner is not perfectly diligent and attentive, does his work imperfectly, or does not fully attend to instructions, his conduct is fair, and he should be marked one.
     (d) If a prisoner is disorderly, idle, or inattentive, spoils his work, does not attend to instructions, or is generally negligent and inefficient, his conduct is bad, and he should be marked zero.
     336. The diet of prisoners shall be determined by the commanding officer. A prisoner confined on bread and water diet will be allowed 18 ounces of bread each day, and as much water as he may desire.
     337. Prisoners will be formed in squads and marched to and from their mess rooms. Meals will be served in prison rooms or cells when no separate mess is provided. Ordinary conversation will be permitted at the tables. Ample time and a sufficient quantity of food will be allowed for each meal Should an officer enter the room during the meal hour, the prisoners will preserve silence, keeping their seats and remain at attention until the visit is ended.
     338. Prisoners will be furnished and will have at all times one complete suit of outer clothing, two complete suits of underclothing, one pair of shoes, one hat, and one or two blankets, depending upon the temperature. The outer clothing of prisoners will be conspicuously marked "P" and divested of all ornament. The class to which the prisoner belongs will be indicated by the color of the letter, and this for the first class will be white; for the second class, red; for the third class,

yellow. When released each prisoner will have in his possession a serviceable suit of clothing, the outer garments bearing no prison mark.
     339. At the weekly inspection each prisoner will stand by his bed or bank, and the officer in charge will see that the rules for cleanliness have been observed. The bedding and clothing will be folded, the clothing on top of the bedding. Prisoners will be held to a strict accountability for clothing in their possession, and they are forbidden to alter it without authority.
     340. Prisoners will be kept at hard labor daily ex­cept Sunday, January First, February Twenty-second, May Thirtieth, July Fourth, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day, but in case of pressing necessity they may be employed on these days. So far as practicable, they will perform all scavenger duties at the posts. They will not be employed in cultivating company or private gardens, or upon ordinary police about company stables or barracks.
     341. Prisoners who desire an interview with the commanding officer will make application to the officer in charge, stating the purpose. The officer in charge will receive complaints that prisoners may make and will notify them of his action. Complaints may be made orally or in writing. If in writing, they will be addressed to the officer in charge, who will lay them before the commanding officer with such information as he may possess bearing on the case.
     342. Wrongs will be righted if possible, but those who make frivolous and untruthful complaints will be punished. Prisoners will be permitted to submit explanations for offenses for which reported. No prisoner will sign any protest or petition in conjunction with other prisoners; each will make his own complaints or requests.
     343. A record will be kept of all reports against prisoners, together with the punishment awarded in each case.

     344. No punishment of any kind will be inflicted upon prisoners unless by direction of the commanding officer, and then only after his full investigation of each case.
     345. General prisoners will be constantly under charge of the post guard, and in the event of mutiny, attempted outbreak or escape, or any disorder, immediate action will be taken by the guard and enough force used to restore order. The force used in any case will be limited to that necessary to the enforcement of these rules, the preservation of order, and the proper control over the prisoners.
     346. A prisoner who violates any of these rules, is insolent, insubordinate, disrespectful, impertinent, disorderly, uses indecent or profane language, who escapes or attempts to escape, will be punished at the discretion of the commanding officer as the gravity of the case may demand, by—
     (a) Being deprived of a meal;
     (b) Being locked in his cell when not at work;
     (c) Forfeiture of good-conduct time previously earned;
     (d) Performing extra hard or disagreeable labor;
     (e) Performing extra hours of such labor;
     (f) Solitary confinement on bread-and-water diet.
     Such solitary confinement on bread and water will not exceed fourteen consecutive days at any one period, and will not be repeated until an interval of fourteen days shall have elapsed.
     347. No good-conduct time can be forfeited in advance. When it is necessary to punish a prisoner who has none to his credit, the punishment must take some other form. Reduction to the third class carries with it the forfeiture of not exceeding thirty days of good-conduct time previously earned. This rule does not apply to a greater forfeiture authorized or required by other rules. Third-class prisoners, when not at work

or at their meals or sick in hospital, will be locked in their cells or prison rooms.
     348. Any prisoner who attempts to escape will be reduced to the third class, and will suffer forfeiture of all good-conduct time previously earned. A recaptured prisoner will receive the same punishment.
     349. A prisoner refusing to work may for the first offense, be closely confined and deprived of his next meal, but allowed food as soon as he consents to resume work, and may be punished for his offense by loss of not less than twenty days" good-conduct time, or by being locked in his cell for thirty days or more, except when at work.
     350. Letters will not be sent out by prisoners except through the officer in charge. Except in urgent cases, they will be permitted to write to their friends but once in each month, all letters to be submitted, unsealed, to the officer in charge, with the name of the writer signed in full. Prisoners who write to their friends or others will use paper furnished them for this purpose by the officer in charge. The letters will be sent to that officer without stamp or envelope. These directions also apply to all official communications.
     351. Prison authorities have no right to open and inspect letters addressed to or sent by their prisoners without the consent of the latter. They can, however, retain such letters unopened which may come into their possession until such time as the parties may be tried or released, or the letters otherwise disposed of under judicial process.
     352. Prisoners will be permitted to make application for clemency as soon after their arrival at the place of confinement as they may desire, but thereafter not oftener than once a year, unless, in the opinion of the commanding officer, there should be special reasons therefore. Those who ask for clemency will address

their letters to the officer in charge, but may state in the letter the authority to which they wish to appeal.
     353. Application for clemency should be based on reasonable grounds. Good conduct is rewarded by an allowance of good-conduct time, but does not, of itself, furnish any claim to clemency or further mitigation of sentence. It will aid, however, in obtaining favorable consideration for applications based upon other grounds.
     354. Prisoners will be allowed an abatement of their terms of confinement five days for each period of twenty-five days during the whole of which their conduct has been good; but abatements thus earned may be forfeited, either in whole or in part, by subsequent misconduct. Such forfeitures are determined by the Commanding officer of the post where a prisoner is confined.
     355. Talking, gazing about, or laughing in ranks is prohibited. Prisoners who are not at work will stand at attention when addressed by an officer or noncommissioned officer. Those at work will, under no circumstances, leave their places of employment without the permission of the noncommissioned officer or sentinel in charge of the party.
     356. A prisoner will not address an officer except in case of urgent necessity, and then only after having obtained permission; when desiring to speak to a sentinel, he will hold up his hand as a signal for the desired permission.
     357. No person will be permitted to enter the prison rooms without authority from the commanding officer, officer of the day, or the officer in charge.
     358. The beds will be neatly made up as soon as the cells are unlocked. The night buckets will be emptied, cleaned, and put in the place provided for them during the day. A small quantity of disinfecting fluid will be

placed in each bucket, and they will be taken to the cells immediately after supper.
     359. Spitting on the walls or floors of cells and prison rooms, or defacing them, is forbidden. Any prisoner who makes unnecessary litter or dirt in the prison will be reported to the prison overseer.
     360. Trafficking with prisoners is prohibited.
     361. Prisoners will be in bed at taps. Loud-talking or loud noises of any kind will not be permitted at any time; strict silence is required after tattoo.
     362. Prisoners will be respectful in their treatment of each other; they are forbidden to hold any conversation with soldiers or citizens, except on a matter of duty, without authority of the commanding officer, officer of the day, or officer in charge.
     363. The foregoing rules will be enforced with reference to garrison prisoners so far as applicable.

SPECIAL ORDERS FOR SENTINELS IN CHARGE OF PRISONERS.

     364. The sentinel at the post of the guard has charge of the prisoners. He will allow none to escape or to cross his post leaving the guardhouse, except under proper guard and passed by a noncommissioned officer of the guard.
     He will allow no one to communicate in any way with prisoners without permission from proper authority.
     He will at once report to the corporal of the guard any suspicious noise made by prisoners.
     He must be prepared to tell, whenever asked, how many prisoners are in the guardhouse, and how many are at work, or elsewhere.
     Whenever prisoners pass his post, returning from work, he will halt them and call the corporal of the guard, notifying him of the number of prisoners so returning. Thus: " Corporal of the guard, (so many) prisoners."

     He will not allow any prisoners to pass into the guardhouse until the corporal of the guard has responded to the call and ordered him to do so.
     365. A sentinel in charge of prisoners at work will not suffer them to escape nor allow them to converse with each other, nor with any person without permission from proper authority. He will not himself speak to them, except in the execution of his duty. He will see that they do not straggle and are orderly in deportment, and that they keep constantly at work.
     He will keep his prisoners constantly in front of him, and never allow them to walk at his side or in his rear. He will not at any time lose sight of them. When an officer approaches, or when he approaches an officer within six paces, he will salute with the rifle salute, taking care to keep his prisoners constantly in front of him.
     It is proper, however, in the discretion of the commanding officer, to direct that sentinels in charge of prisoners render no compliment, when such orders are necessary in order that the sentinel may not have his attention diverted from the prisoners under his charge, and that he may be held to strict accountability for their safekeeping in situations favorable for escape.
     366. If a prisoner attempts to escape, the sentinel will call " Halt" If he fails to halt when the sentinel has once repeated his call, and if there be no other possible means of preventing his escape, the sentinel will fire upon him.
     The following will more fully explain the important duties of the sentinel in this connection:

WAR DEPARTMENT,
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE,
WASHINGTON, November 1, 1887.

(CIRCULAR.)

By direction of the Secretary of War the following is published for the information of the Army:

U. S. CIRCUIT COURT, E. D. OF MICH., AUG. 1, 1887.

The United States v. James Clark.

     The Circuit Court has jurisdiction of a homicide committed by one soldier upon another within a military reservation of the United States.
     If a homicide be committed by a military guard without malice, and in the performance of his supposed duty as a soldier, such homicide is excusable, unless it was manifestly beyond the scope of his authority, or was such that a man of ordinary sense and understanding would know that it was illegal.
     It seems that the sergeant of the guard has a right to shoot a military convict if there be no other possible means of preventing his escape.
     The common law distinction between felonies and misdemeanors has no application to military offenses.
     While the finding of a Court of Inquiry acquitting the prisoner of all blame is not a legal bar to a prosecution, it is entitled to weight as an expression of the views of the military court of the necessity of using a musket to prevent the escape of the deceased.

*                                  *                                  *                                  *                            *                 

     By order of the Secretary of War:

R. C. DRUM,
Adjutant General.

     The following is taken from Circular No. 3 of 1883, from Headquarters Department of the Columbia:

VANCOUVER BARRACKS, W. T.,
April 20, 1883.

To the assistant adjutant general,
     DEPARTMENT OF THE COLUMBIA.
SIR:

*                                  *                                  *                                  *                            *
     A sentinel is placed as guard over prisoners to prevent their escape, and, for this purpose, he is furnished a musket1 with ammunition.    To prevent escape is his first and most important duty.

*                                  *                                  *                                  *                            *

I suppose the law to be this : That a sentinel shall not use more force or violence to prevent the escape of a prisoner than is necessary to effect that object, but, if the prisoner, after being ordered to halt, continues his flight, the sentinel may maim or even kill him, and it is his duty to do so.

     A sentinel who allows a prisoner to escape without firing upon him, and firing to hit him, is, in my judgment, guilty of a most serious military offense, for which he should and would be severely punished by a general court-martial.

*                                  *                                  *                                  *                            *

(Signed)                                                                                                                                      HENRY A. MORROW,
Colonel 21st Infantry, Commanding Post.

[Third indorsement.]

OFFICE JUDGE ADVOCATE,
 MILITARY DIVISION OF THE PACIFIC,
May 11, 1883.

     Respectfully returned to the Assistant Adjutant General, Military Division of the Pacific, concurring fully in the views expressed by Colonel Morrow. I was not aware that such a view had ever been questioned. That the period .is a time of peace does not affect the authority and duty of the sentinel or guard to fire upon the escaping prisoner, if this escape can not otherwise be prevented. He should, of course, attempt to stop the prisoner before firing, by ordering him to halt, and will properly warn him by the words, " Halt or I fire," or words to such effect.

W. WlNTHROP,
Judge Advocate.

[Fourth indorsement.]

HEADQUARTERS
MILITARY DIVISION OF THE PACIFIC
May 11, 1883.

     Respectfully returned to the Commanding General, Department of the Columbia, approving the opinion of the commanding officer 21st Infantry, and of the Judge Advocate of the Division, in respect to the duty of and method to be adopted by sentinels in preventing prisoners from escaping.

*                                  *                                  *                                  *                            *

By command of Major General Schofield:

J. C. KELTON,
 Assistant Adjutant General.

     See also Circular No. 53, A. G. O., December 22, 1900.
     367. On approaching the post of the sentinel at the guardhouse, a sentinel in charge of prisoners will halt them and call, " No. 1, (so many) prisoners." He will not allow them to cross the post of the sentinel until so directed by the corporal of the guard.
     368. Sentinels placed over prisoners for work will receive specific and explicit instructions covering the

required work; they will be held strictly responsible that the prisoners under their charge properly and sat­isfactorily perform the designated work.

GUARD PATROLS.

     369. A guard patrol is a small detachment of two or more men detailed to observe and procure information of the enemy, or for the performance of some special service connected with guard duty. Patrols are usually detailed from the guard and receive instructions from its commander.
     370. If the patrol be required to go beyond the chain of sentinels, the officer or noncommissioned officer in command will be furnished with the countersign, and the outposts and sentinels warned.
     371. If challenged by a sentinel, the patrol is halted by its commander, and the noncommissioned officer accompanying it advances alone and gives the countersign.

COUNTERSIGNS AND PAROLES.

     372. A countersign is a word given daily from the principal headquarters of a command to aid guards and sentinels in identifying persons who may be authorized to pass at night.
     373. It is given to such persons as are entitled to pass and repass sentinels' posts during the night, and to officers, noncommissioned officers, and sentinels of the guard.
     374. The parole is a word used as a check on the countersign in order to obtain more accurate identifica­tion of persons. It is imparted only to those who are entitled to inspect guards and to commanders of guards.
     The parole, or countersign, or both, are sent sealed in the form of an order to each person entitled thereto.

     When the commander of the guard demands the parole, he will advance and receive it as the corporal receives the countersign (par. 184).
     375. As the communications containing the parole and the countersign must at times be distributed by many orderlies, the parole intrusted to many officers, and the countersign besides to numerous sentinels, and both must for large commands be prepared several days in advance, there is always danger of their being lost or otherwise disclosed to persons who would make improper use of them; moreover, a sentinel is too apt to take it for granted that any person who gives the right countersign is what he represents himself to be; hence, for outpost duty there is greater security in omitting the use of the countersign and parole, or using them with great caution. The chief reliance should be upon personal recognition or identification of all persons claiming authority to pass.
     Persons whose sole means of identification is the countersign, or concerning whose authority to pass there is a reasonable doubt, should not be allowed to pass without the authority of the corporal of the guard after proper investigation; the corporal will take to his next superior any case that he himself is not competent to decide.
     376. The countersign is usually the name of a battle; the parole that of a general or other distinguished person.
     377. When they can not be communicated daily, a series of words for some days in advance may be sent to the posts or detachments that are to use the same parole and countersign as the main body.
     378. If the countersign be lost, or if a member of the guard desert with it, the commander on the spot will substitute another for it, and report the case at once to the proper superior, that immediate notice may be given to headquarters.

     379. No person shall make known the countersign or parole to any person not entitled to receive them. (See forty-fourth article of war and par. 233).
     380. In addition to the countersign, use may be made of preconcerted signals, such as striking the rifle with the hand, or striking the hands together a certain number of times as agreed upon. Such signals may be used by the guards throughout the same general com­mand or by those guards only that occupy exposed points.
     They are made before the countersign is given, and must not be communicated to any person not authorized to know the countersign. Their use is intended to prevent the surprise of a sentinel.
     381. In the daytime, signals, such as raising a cap or a handkerchief in a prearranged manner, may be used by sentinels to communicate with the guard or with each other.

MISCELLANEOUS.

     382. All persons, of whatever rank in the service, are required to observe respect toward sentinels.
     383. All material instructions given to a sentinel by an officer having authority will be promptly communicated to the commander of the guard by the officer giving them.
     384. The adjutant, sergeant major, first sergeants, supernumeraries, and the band are held to be a portion of the guard until the guard has passed the officer of the day in review, or been marched to its post. Thereafter, the above-mentioned persons cease to belong to the guard.
     385. Answers to a sentinel's challenge intended to confuse or mislead him are prohibited, but the use of such an answer as " Friends with the countersign" is not to be understood as misleading, but is the usual answer made by officers, patrols, etc., when the purpose of their visit

makes it desirable that their official capacity should not be announced.
     386. When inspecting sentinels, questions asked of them should be of such a character as to ascertain their knowledge of their duties and surroundings, without seeking to confuse them.
     387. On the march, the camp guard with the prisoners marches in rear of the command, or in advance with the camping party.
     388. When the camp guard marches with the camping party, it forms, on reaching the camp, on the ground marked for the command. The commander of the guard furnishes the sentinels required by the commander of the camping party. Sentinels will be placed over the provisions, fuel, and forage in the vicinity, and water when it is necessary to prevent waste or fouling.

STABLE SERGEANT AND STABLE ORDERLY.

     389. The stables of cavalry will be guarded by sentinels posted from the main guard, the subdivisions of which will be so arranged as to give cavalry soldiers this duty, under the control of the officer of the day. The post commander will limit the number of sentinels to the least compatible with the protection of horses arid property. Habitually one sentinel at each end of a row of eight or less troop stables will be ample for this duty. If less than three troops of cavalry are stationed at a post, one sentinel will be posted to the best advantage to secure safety of horses and property. A stable orderly, in addition to the stable sergeant, should always remain in the stable at night within easy call of the guard. These special details, as also that for herd guard when necessary, will be made and credited to the cavalry on proper rosters. (See pars. 35-36.)

     The stable sergeant and stable orderly are detailed for the protection of all public and private property in and about the troop stables, and for the enforcement of special regulations relating to the stables and horses.
     390. The stable sergeant will receive his orders from his troop commander. He will—
     1. Instruct the stable orderly in his duties.
     2. Exact order and cleanliness about the stables.
     3. Prevent the introduction of intoxicants into the stables, shops, and tents about the stables.
     4. Allow no smoking in the stable, or in its immediate vicinity.
     5. Allow no fire nor light (other than the stable lanterns) in the stable.
     6. Take charge of the animals, horse equipments, forage, and all property, both public and private, in and about the stable.
     7. Examine all locks, windows, doors, and gates, and see that everything is secure at night.
     8. See that the lanterns are prepared during the day for lighting at night; he will not allow them to be filled, trimmed, or lighted in the stable.
     9. Answer the call of the sentinel promptly.
     10. Call the farrier in case a horse is sick, and see that the case is properly attended to.
     11. Report any unusual occurrence to the troop commander.
     12. Not allow horses or other property to leave the stables without the written order of the post or troop commander, with the following exceptions:
     (a) Officers' private property is subject to the owners' order.
     (b) Horses authorized for mounted duty or pass may be taken out on a written order of the first sergeant.
     (c) No formal order will be required for horses and equipments to leave the stable at established hours for

ceremonies, mounted drill, herding and watering horses. The stable sergeant must be present to satisfy himself that the horses, etc., are taken out solely for these purposes.
     (d) The troop team will be allowed to leave the sta­bles in the daytime (between reveille and retreat) when the wagoner reports it to be necessary.
     (e) The horses and equipments of the first sergeants and the noncommissioned officers in charge of the stables may be taken out by their riders between reveille and retreat.
     391. All horses returning to the stables, except from a formation, will be reported to the stable sergeant, and he will see that they are properly cared for; in case of abuse at any time, he will promptly report the fact to the troop commander if the horse be public property; to the owner, if private property.
     392. In case of fire at the stable, the stable sergeant will take the necessary precautions in opening or closing the doors so as to prevent as far as possible the spreading of the fire and make it possible to remove the horses. He will then, assisted by all the available men, commence to lead out the horses, and, if practicable, secure them at the picket line or other designated place.
     393. The stable sergeant will, when it is necessary for him to leave the stable or its vicinity, notify the stable orderly, who is his assistant in the performance of the duties herein prescribed, and in his absence takes his duties.
     394. Men employed about the stables will receive orders from the stable sergeant or, in his absence, from the stable orderly.
     395. The stable orderly, in addition to the stable sergeant, will remain in or near the stable at night, within easy call of the sentinel, and in the daytime the stables will never be without at least one man in charge of them.

TROOP STABLE GUARD

     396.  Troop stable guards will not be used except in the field, or when it is impracticable to guard the stables by sentinels from the main guard.
     397.  Stable guards will be under the immediate control of their respective troop commanders; they will be posted in each cavalry stable, or a convenient place near the picket line, and will consist of not less than one noncommissioned officer and three privates.
     Stable guards are for the protection of the horses, stables, forage, equipments, and public property generally.  They will in addition enforce the special regulations in regard to stables and horses.
     398. The sentinels of stable guards will be posted at the stable, or at the picket lines when the horses are kept outside.  The stable guard may be used as a herd guard during the daytime or when grazing is practicable.
     399.  The stable guard will generally be mounted with the post or camp guard, and when mounted will be armed with the carbine.
     After guard mounting the stable guard may, at the discretion of the troop commander, be armed with either the carbine or pistol.
     400. The commanding officer may authorize the stable guard to be mounted under the supervision of the troop commander.
     401.  The tour continues for twenty-four hours, or until properly relieved by the new guard.
     402.  The employment of stable guards for police and fatigue duties at the stables is forbidden; but this will not prohibit the stable guard from being required to assist in feeding grain before reveille.
     403.  The stable guard will attend stables with the rest of the troop and groom their own horses, the sentinels being taken off post for the purpose.
     404. Neither the noncommissioned officer nor the members of the stable guard will absent themselves from

the immediate vicinity of the stables, except in case of urgent necessity, and then for no longer time than is absolutely necessary. No member of the guard will leave for any purpose without the authority of the noncommissioned officer of the guard.
     405. The noncommissioned officer and one member of the stable guard will go for meals at the proper hour; upon their return the other members of the guard will be directed to go by the noncommissioned officer.
     406. When the horses are herded each troop will furnish its own herd guard. (Par. 35.)
     407. Smoking in stables or their immediate vicinity is prohibited. No fire nor light, other than the stable lanterns, will be permitted in the stables.

NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER OF THE STABLE GUARD.

     408. The noncommissioned officer receives his orders from his troop commander, to whom he will report, immediately after posting his first relief, and when relieved will turn over all his orders to his successor. He instructs his sentinels in their general and special duties; exercises general supervision over his entire guard; exacts order and cleanliness about the guardroom; prevents the introduction of intoxicants into the guard­house or stables; receives, by count, from his predecessor, the animals, horse equipments, and all, property (both private and public) pertaining thereto; examines, before relieving his predecessors, all locks, windows and doors, and should any be found insecure he will report the fact to his troop commander when he reports for orders. He will personally post and relieve each sentinel, taking care to verify the property responsibility of the sentinel who comes off post, and see that the sentinel who goes on post is aware of the property responsibility that he assumes.
     409. That the noncommissioned officer may be more thoroughly informed of his responsibility, all horses

SENTINEL OF STABLE GUARD

     416. The sentinel in the discharge of his duties will be governed by the regulations for sentinels of other guards whenever they are applicable; such as courtesies to officers, walking post in a soldierly manner, challenging, etc.; he will not turn out the guard except when ordered by proper authority.

     417. The sentinel will receive orders from the commanding officer, the troop commander, and the non commissioned officers of the stable guard only, except when the commanding officer directs the officer of the day to inspect the stable guard.
     418. The sentinel will hot permit any horse or equipments to be taken front the stables, except in the presence of the noncommissioned officer.
     419. Should a horse get loose, the sentinel will catch him and tie him up. If he be unable to catch the horse, the noncommissioned officer will at once be notified. In case a horse be cast, or in any way entangled, he will relieve him if possible; if unable to relieve him, he will call the noncommissioned officer. Sentinels are forbidden to punish or maltreat a horse.
     420. When a horse is taken sick the sentinel will notify the noncommissioned officer, who in turn will call the farrier, and see that the horse is promptly attended to.
     421. In case of fire the sentinel will give the alarm by stepping outside the stable and firing his pistol or piece repeatedly, calling out at the same time, "Fire, stables, Troop (—)."
     As soon as the guard is alarmed, he will take the necessary precautions in opening or closing the doors so as to prevent the spreading of the fire and make it possible to remove the horses; he will drop the chains and bars, and, with the other members of the guard, proceed to lead out the horses, and secure them at the picket line or such other place as may have been previously designated.

BATTERY STABLE AND PARK GUARD.

     422. The pieces, caissons, etc., with their ammunition and stores as well as the horses, harness, and forage, are under the charge of a stable and park guard, consisting of two noncommissioned officers and as many privates as may be necessary.

     423. This guard will be mounted separately for each battery, and will be under the exclusive control of the battery commander.
     424. A lieutenant of the battery is detailed daily or for such period as the battery commander may direct, as battery officer of the day; the stable and park guard is under his immediate orders and those of the battery commander.
     425. It is the duty of this guard to enforce the special regulations in regard to the stables, horses, and park.
     426. The tour continues for twenty-four hours, or until properly relieved by a new guard.
     427. Sentinels are habitually armed with the pistol.
     428. Sentinels over horses, or in charge of prisoners, receive orders from the stable sergeant so far as the care of the horses and the labor of prisoners are concerned.
     429. The guard, noncommissioned officers, and sentinels perform their duties in accordance with the rules prescribed for the troop stable guard and in accordance with the general rules laid down for guards in this manual,

POLICE AND FATIGUE DUTY.

     430. Police and fatigue duties may be placed under the supervision of an officer detailed for the purpose; otherwise they are under the supervision of the officer of the day. The officer of the day, or the officer detailed for the purpose, has general supervision, under the orders of the commanding officer, of all police arid fatigue duties of the post or camp. Fatigue parties will be furnished him when the number of prisoners is insufficient for the necessary police purposes.
     431. In camp, fatigue and general police duty are usually done by the old guard, under the direction of the officer of the day. The tour is for twenty-four hours beginning with fatigue call in the morning of the day following that on which the guard marches off.

     432. General police duty may, at the discretion of the commanding officer, be performed by fatigue parties, or by prisoners, if there be enough of the latter for the purpose.

PROPERTY UNDER CHARGE OF THE GUARD.

     433. Articles of camp and garrison equipage needed for strictly post or police purposes, as flags, spades, shovels, axes, hatchets, pickaxes, and brooms, will be issued by the quartermaster on special requisition of the officer of the guard, or officer of the day, approved by the post commander. These articles will be receipted for by the officer making the requisition and dropped from the quartermaster's returns; articles other than those herein enumerated will be continued on his returns. (A. R. 519.)
     434. Articles so obtained will be duly entered, by the officer who receives them, on the guard report under the heading "Articles in charge." They will be carried on the report and daily receipted for by the successive offi­cers of the guard or day. When no longer fit for use they will be submitted for inspection, and if condemned, disposed of as ordered. (A. B. 520.)
     435. An officer who receipts for property so carried on the guard report is not required to render returns thereof. He is relieved from accountability for it by the receipt of his successor. (A. R. 521.)
     436. Noncommissioned, officer sin command of guards do not receipt for such articles, but are held accountable to the officer of the day for their safe-keeping and preservation from injury other than fair wear and tear in service. (See par. 65.)
     437. In case of loss, destruction, or other disposition of any of these articles, the facts relating thereto will be entered on the guard report.

FLAGS.

     438. The garrison flag (36 by 20 feet) is furnished to posts designated from Headquarters of the Army, and will be hoisted only on holidays and important occasions.
     The post flag (20 by 10 feet) is furnished to all posts garrisoned by troops, and will be hoisted in pleasant weather.
     The storm flag (8 feet by 4 feet 2 inches) is furnished to all occupied military posts, and will be hoisted in stormy weather. (A. R. 237.)
     439. At every military post or station the flag will be hoisted at the sounding of the first note of the reveille, or the first note of the march, if a march be played before the reveille. The flag will be lowered at the sounding of the last note of the retreat, and, while the flag is being lowered, the band will play, "The Star-Spangled Banner." (A. R 512.)
     The lowering of the flag is so regulated as to be completed at the last note.
     440. The national flag will always be displayed at the time of firing a salute. (A. R. 465.)
     441. The flag of a military post will not be dipped by way of salute or compliment. (A. R. 480.)
     442. On the death of an officer at a military post, the flag is displayed at half staff and so remains, between reveille and retreat, until the last salvo or volley is fired over the grave; or if the remains are not interred at the post, until they are removed therefrom. (A. R. 495.)
     443. During the funeral of an enlisted man at a military post, the flag is displayed at half-staff. It is hoisted to the top after the final volley or gun is fired, or after the remains are taken from the post. The same honors are paid on the occasion of the funeral of a retired enlisted man. (A. R. 496.)

     444. All military posts in sight of each other display their flags at half-staff upon the occasion of one doing so. The same rule is observed toward all vessels of war. (A. R. 497.)
     445. When the flag is displayed at half-staff, it is lowered to that position from the top of the staff. It is afterwards hoisted to the top before it is finally lowered. (A. R. 498.)
     446. The sentinel at the guardhouse, or the sentinel nearest the flagstaff, will report at once to the corporal of the guard any danger to the flag, from loosened halyards, or from entanglement with either halyards or staff.
     447. When practicable, a detail consisting of a noncommissioned officer and two privates of the guard will raise or lower the flag. This detail wears side arms, or if the special equipments do not include side arms, then belts only.
     The noncommissioned officer, carrying the flag, forms the detail in line, takes his post in the center and marches it to and from the staff. The flag is then securely attached to the halyards, and is rapidly hoisted. (Par. 489.) The halyards are then securely fastened to the cleat on the staff.
     The flag should always be hoisted or lowered from the leeward side of the staff, and the halyards should be held by two persons.
     448. When the flag is to be lowered, the halyards are loosened from the staff and made perfectly free. At retreat the flag is lowered at the sounding of the last note of the retreat. It is then neatly folded, and the halyards are made fast. The detail is then reformed and marched to the guardhouse, where the flag is turned over to the commander of the guard.

REVEILLE AND RETREAT GUN.

     449. The morning and evening gun will be fired by a detachment of the guard, consisting, when practicable, of a corporal and two privates. The morning gun is fired at the first note of the reveille, or, if marches be played before the reveille, it is fired at the commencement of the first march. The retreat gun is fired at the last note of the retreat.
     The corporal marches the detachment to and from the piece, and the piece is fired, sponged out, and secured under his direction.

INDEX.
_____

Par.

Adjutant, etc., part of guard _____________________________________________                   384
Alarm, by sentinel ____________________________________________________            229, 421
     Duties of officer of the day ___________________________________________                      58
     Fire at stables ____________________________________________________     392, 414, 421
Alarms ___________________________________________________________    58, 75, 76, 229
Answers to sentinel's challenge __________________________________________                    385
Arrest:
     Of disorderly or suspicious characters ___________________________________                   103
     Of noncommissioned officer to be reported to commander ___________________                    301
Arrests:
     By corporals or sentinels ______________________________________132, 187, 188, 223, 252
     Reported by sergeant of the guard _____________________________________                   132
Articles conveyed to prisoners ___________________________________________                  141
Articles of war relating to prisoners _______________________________________                   296
Articles under charge of the guard _______________________________________              433-437
Assignment to relies and posts __________________________________________             148, 151
Authority for confinement of prisoners ____________________________________                      304
     To pass sentinel's post ______________________________________________                      52
Batteries, field and siege:
     Exemption of officers and men from details _______________________________                     14
     Perform own guard, police and fatigue ___________________________________                    14
Battery stable and park guard ____________________________________________    14, 422-429
     Rules for performance of duty _________________________________________                   373
Bayonets of guard ____________________________________________________           114, 116
Calls ______________________________________________________________             95, 180
     List of ___________________________________________________________                    47
Cavalry sentinel:
     Challenging, etc.____________________________________________________                  220
     Salute by _________________________________________________________  257, 260, 262
Ceremonies, parading ground ____________________________________________                    89
Challenging:
     By corporal _______________________________________________________                  181
     By sentinel ________________________________________________________ 220, 231, 232
     Hours to begin _____________________________________________________                   47
Charges against men confined ____________________________________________                  303
Civilians, confinement __________________________________________________          298, 299
Classes of prisoners, how separated _______________________________________                  310

Par.

Classification of duties performed by roster
Clothing, etc., of men of guard
Color line and sentinels
Colors:
     Saluted by officers and enlisted men
     Salutes to
     Taken from stacks
Commander of guard
     General duties
     Leaving post
     May divide night with next in command
     Passing persons out of camp
     Responsibility
Commanding officer, duties of
Compliments:
     From guards
          Armed parties
          Colors
          Commander of armed party returning salute
          Deceased officer or soldier
          Not paid after retreat
          Personal guard of general officer
          To civil officers, etc
          To whom paid
     From sentinels
          Mounted sentinel
          Officer entitled to, whether in uniform or not
          Officer remaining on or near post
          On approach of armed party
           Rules for saluting
           Saluting distance
           Sentinel in sentry box
           To junior, when in communication with senior officer
           To officers
           To whom paid
     How declined
Confinement:
     Of enlisted man without order from officer
     Of enlisted men reported to commander
     Of noncommissioned officers
     Solitary, and on bread and water
Corporal of the guard
     Advancing parties, etc.
     Answering sentinel's call
     At guardhouse
     Challenging
     Duties with reference to sentinels

Par.

Corporal of the guard --Continued
     General duties
     Marching relief
     Of relief on post
     Reports violations of regulations
     Saluting officers
     To call his own relief
     To wake successor
     Turning out the guard
     Verification of prisoners at guardhouse
Countersigns and paroles
Countersign:
     Action in case of loss
     Communicated by commander and corporal of general
     If not used
     Sentinel not to divulge
     Signals used in connection with
     To whom given
     Use, determination of
     When not used by privates of guard
Data for details
Detached posts
Detached service, details of officers and men for, while on other duty
Detachments:
     Duty of commander on return
     How prepared for duty
     Serving together, command of
     To consist of entire organizations
Detail:
     By organization
     Detachment of Signal Corps, when exempt from
     Field and siege batteries, when exempt from
     Of company for guard
     Of officer of the day
     Of officer of the guard
Details by roster
     From troops, etc., furnishing stable guards
     Made at headquarters of post, etc.
     Made, published, and posted by first sergeants
     Proportioned to strength
Dismissing guard
     Old relief
     Reliefs at remote posts
Dismounted service:
     Cavalry, man preferred for
     Disposition of horses, etc., of men detailed for
Division of guard into reliefs 

Par.

Drills, prisoners attending
Duties of absentee, by whom taken
Duties performed by roster:
     How classified
     When credited
Enlisted men:
     Awaiting trial or result of trial, separation from other prisoners
     Bringing food for prisoners
     Funeral honors
     Not to be confined without order of officer
Equipment, etc., of soldiers detailed
Escape, prisoner attempting
Escort of inspecting officers
Exemption of old guard from duties
Fatigue and police duty
Field and siege batteries:
     Perform their own guard, police, and fatigue
     When exempt from other details
Field officer of day
Field officers, details of, by roster
Fire or disorder
Fire, lights, etc., at stable
First sergeants:
     Duties in case of alarm in re horses and equipments of dismounted men
     Make and publish details, how
First sergeants' roster
Flag:
     Being lowered, band to play "Star-Spangled Banner"
     Detail for hoisting, etc.
Flags and colors
Food for prisoners
Formation of guard
Funeral honors, enlisted, and retired enlisted, men
Garrison prisoners, enforcement of rules for general prisoners, with regard to
General prisoners, personal guards
General orders for sentinels
General prisoners:
     Examination on release from confinement
     Rules for government of
          Abatement of sentence for good conduct, and forfeiture thereof
          Allowance on bread and water diet
          Attempting escape
               Punishment
          Bathing, shaving, etc.  

Par.

General prisoners --Continued.
     Rules for government of --Continued
          Books and accounts to be kept
          Care of cells
          Care of property
          Classification
               Instructions for
          Clemency, application for
          Clothing accountability
          Clothing and marking thereof
               When released
          Complaints from
                Frivolous or untruthful
                How submitted
                To be made individually
          Conduct, rules for
          Constantly under charge of guard
          Conversation with soldiers or civilians
          Daily merit book, record for classification kept in
          Diet determined by commanding officer
          Employed about officers' quarters
          Escape, attempting
               Use of guard in case of
          First-class, paroling for work
          Good-conduct --
                Abatement of term of confinement
                Rewards for
          Good-conduct time, forfeiture of
          Infliction of punishment
          Inspection of cells, prison, mess, etc
          Interviews with commanding officer
          Labor, and holidays for
          Letters to and from friends
          Making unnecessary litter or dirt
          Mess
               Conduct at
               Inspections of
               Marching to and from
           Mutiny, outbreak, etc., use of guard
           Names on doors of cells
           Not address officers without permission
           "Officer in charge of prisoners" --
                 Application for clemency addressed to
                 Detail
                 Duties in general
                 Infractions of discipline, etc., reported to
                 Reception of complaints and action
                 To see that rules of cleanliness are observed 

Par.

General prisoners --Continued.
     Rules for government of --Continued
          On admission, to be searched, etc
          Overseer of prisoners --
               Detail
               Reports violation of rules, etc
          Permission to enter prison room
          Post exchanges, when employed about
          Prison rooms, police, etc., and inspection
          Promotions and reductions made by commanding officer
          Property of prisoners
          Punishment
          Punishments, schedule of
          Recaptured, punishment
          Record for classification
          Reduction in class
          Refusing to work, punishment
          Reports against, record of
          Reports and returns, rendition
          Rules for weekly inspection
          Schedule of punishments
          Solitary confinement, on bread and water
          Statement of prisoners in confinement, rendition
          Supervision of working parties
          Trafficking with, prohibited
           Treatment of each other
          Use of guard in event of mutiny, outbreak, etc.
          Working hours
           See Prisoners.
Guard:
     Accoutrements of clothing not to be removed
     Armed party returning salute
     At station of more than one regiment
     Compliments from
     Detailed at every post, etc.
     During ceremonies
     Formation
     For sick prisoners in hospital
     General prisoners constantly under charge of
     Inspection, roll call before
          When prepared for
     Members leaving guardhouse
     Mounting, modified
     New, between guard mounting and reports of officers of day to commanding officer, by whom    controlled
     No compliments after retreat
     Of different arms
 

Par.

Guard --Continued.
     On reaching camp
     Patrols
     Presents arms
     Property under charge of
     Relief at remote posts
     Relieved every twenty-four hours
     Report
     Roll call, when dispensed with
     Tents, position of
     Turned out after retreat
     Turns out for armed parties
     Turns out for colors
     Turns out for whom
     Use in event of mutiny, outbreak, etc., among prisoners
Guard and prisoners on march
Guardhouse:
     Noncommissioned officer at
     No one to enter
     Prisoners at, verification
Herd guard
Horses, etc. taken from stable
     Returned to stable
Hours, calling of
Inspecting sentinels
Inspection of guard
     Guard room
     Meals for prisoners, etc.
     Reliefs, patrols, etc.
     Sentinels, etc.
     Who make visits of
Instructions to sentinels reported
Interval between tours of guard, privates
Iron bunks and bedding for prisoners
Keys of guardrooms and cells
Lanterns in stable
Lists of guard
     Reliefs
Mattresses for prisoners, bedding in lieu of
Meals:
     Officer of the guard
     Prisoners
          Inspection of
Miscellaneous
Morning and evening gun
Mounted men:
     Dismounted details, not preferred for
          Disposition of horses, etc., when employed on

Par.

Musicians of the guard
Names of officers, etc. how entered on rosters
Navy and Army, relative rank
"Never mind the corporal," not to be called
"Never mind the guard"
Night orders, for sentinels:
     At post of guard
     Except at post of guard
"Nights in bed"
Noncommissioned officers:
     Arrest or confinement of
     Commanding guard
     Detail in connection with general prisoners
     Guard
     Stable guard
Number and distribution of sentinels
Number of men detailed from each company
Officer of the day
     At guard mounting
     At inspections and musters
     Between guard mounting and report to commanding officer, which responsible
     Duration of tour
     In case of alarm
     Inspects guards and sentinels
     Inspecting stable guard
     Old, salutes when relieved
     Prescribes visits of inspection
     Remarks on guard report
     Reporting for orders
     Responsibility
     Subject to whose orders
     Tour of duty
Officer or noncommissioned officer to be present at guardhouse
Officers:
     Entitled to compliments whether in uniform or not
     Exempt from detail
     Exempt from guard duty
     Of different rank, how advanced
     Of guard
     Remaining on or near sentinel's post
"Old guard privileges"
Old guard turns out for new
Open chambers and magazines
Orderlies
Orderly for the commanding officer, etc
Orderly of duties by roster
     Rank of persons advanced by sentinel

Par.

Orders:
     In case of fire or disorder ___________________________________________             229, 252
     Publication of court-martial __________________________________________             306, 307
     Sentinels at post of guard ___________________________________________              246, 253
     Sentinels except at post of guard ______________________________________             229-245
     Sentinels on post __________________________________________________            214-228
     Sentinels on post, special ____________________________________________            282-285
     Sentinels, posted where _____________________________________________                      94
     To corporal of the guard ____________________________________________                     139
     To men employed at stables _________________________________________                     394
     Transmitted by commander of old guard ________________________________                     115
     Transmitted by old to new officers of the day ____________________________                        61
     Transmitted by sentinels ___________________________________________156, 166, 227, 228
Outpost duty, use of countersign and parole for _____________________________                      375
Park and stable guard of battery ________________________________________         14, 422-429
Parole and countersign, how furnished ____________________________________                       57
     Use for outpost duty ______________________________________________                      375
Paroles and countersigns _____________________________________________               372-381
Passes ___________________________________________________________              101, 131
Passing persons out of camp ___________________________________________                      102
Patrols ___________________________________________________________               369-371
Personal guard of general officers _______________________________________                      277
Persons apprehended in Indian country ___________________________________                      297
Police and fatigue duty _______________________________________________               430-432
Policing guardhouse, etc. _____________________________________________               127, 128
Posting of sentinels' orders ___________________________________________                          94
     Reliefs ________________________________________________________                143-159
     Reliefs in detachments ____________________________________________                        146
Post of sentinels, limits, etc ___________________________________________                        283
Post or camp guard ________________________________________________         22, 23, 33, 34
Precedence of duty by roster _________________________________________                       6, 10
Prisoners:
     Attempting to escape _____________________________________________                364-367
     At work ______________________________________________________                        365
     Authority for confinement __________________________________________                       304
     Awaiting trial, etc ________________________________________________                       310
     Bedding in lieu of mattresses _______________________________________                         322
     Civilian, etc., how rationed ________________________________________                         299
     Confinement of ________________________________________________                           101
     Custody of ___________________________________________________                           139
     Designation of _________________________________________________                          305
     Food for _____________________________________________________                          312
     General, rules for government ______________________________________                 323-363
     In irons ______________________________________________________                  104, 311
     Leaving guardhouse _____________________________________________                          315
     Meals inspected _______________________________________________                   108, 141
     Not to salute __________________________________________________                          319 

Par.

Prisoners --Continued
     On being received _______________________________________________                        101
     On march _____________________________________________________                         387
     Paraded for sentence _____________________________________________                        306
     Paraded with guard ______________________________________________         142-145, 318
     Property of ____________________________________________________                        325
     Received from old guard _________________________________________                          111
     Release of ____________________________________________________              63, 64, 109
     Required to bathe, etc. ___________________________________________                 330, 331
     Searched _____________________________________________________                 101, 330
     Security of ____________________________________________________                         110
     Separation of classes ____________________________________________                          310
     Serviceable clothing of, to accompany him to place of confinement __________                          321
     Sick _________________________________________________________                         316
     Sick in hospital, security of ________________________________________                         317
     Statement of offense ______________________________________________                       303
     Under sentinels _________________________________________________                 364-367
     Verification of _________________________________________________                    62, 105
     Working hours for ______________________________________________                          314
     See General prisoners, etc.
Privates of the guard ________________________________________________                205-213
     Not to use countersign, when _______________________________________                        233
Property:
     Of prisoners ____________________________________________________                       325
     Under change of guard _________________________________________65, 115, 122, 433-437
Publication of court-martial orders _______________________________________             306, 307
     Details of officer of the day and guard _________________________________                         30
Questioning sentinels ________________________________________________                       386
Relative rank, Army and Navy _________________________________________                       271
Receipting for property at guardhouse ___________________________________  65, 115, 433-436
Receiving prisoners from old guard ______________________________________                      111
Record for guard details kept by sergeant major ____________________________                  43, 44
Release of prisoners at guard mounting ___________________________________          63, 64, 109
Relief called _______________________________________________________               177-179
"Relief" for sentinel __________________________________________________                      225
Reliefs:
     Assignment of corporals and privates __________________________________      148, 151, 197
     Dismissing ______________________________________________________      160, 164, 165
     Division of guard into ______________________________________________                      114
     Lists of ________________________________________________________                       152
     Posted in detachments _____________________________________________                      146
     Posting of _______________________________________________________             153-159
Relieving detachments of guard _________________________________________                      117
     At remote posts __________________________________________________                     118
     Sentinels ______________________________________________________  92, 115, 157, 228
Remarks on guard report ______________________________________________                 47, 66

Par.

Removing clothes, etc., while on guard ____________________________________                       99
Reporting guard ______________________________________________________               79-81
Report of commander of the guard _______________________________________        66, 67, 100
Report of sergeant of guard ____________________________________________             134, 135
Respect toward sentinels, all persons to observe ___________________________                        382
Responsibility: 
     For prisoners ___________________________________________________               110, 139
     For property under charge of guard ______________________________   65, 115, 122, 433-437
Retired enlisted men, funeral honors _____________________________________                       443
Retreat: 
     No compliments by guard after _____________________________________                         278
     Band to play "Star-Spangled Banner" at _______________________________                        439
Reveille until retreat: 
     Interval defined __________________________________________________                      279
     Turning out guard between __________________________________________                     280
Roll call of guard ____________________________________________________     134, 136, 137
Rosters: ___________________________________________________________                   1-46
     By whom kept ____________________________________________________                     25
Rules for government of general prisoners __________________________________             323-363
     See General prisoners.
Rules for sentinels' salute _____________________________________________                257-269
Salute:
     By commander of armed party _______________________________________                     276
     By corporal ____________________________________________________                        186
     By officers of day when reporting ____________________________________                         67
     From guard ____________________________________________________                112-113
     Of sentinel  _____________________________________________________               257-269
     On approach of troops ___________________________________________         263, 273, 274 
     To colors _______________________________________________________     272, 293, 294
Saluting distance _____________________________________________________                   266  
Sentences of prisoners, execution of _______________________________________                  106
Sentence to confinement, when commences _________________________________            308-309
Sentinel:
     Advancing persons at night __________________________________________             237-243
     After recognizing an officer at night ____________________________________                     262
     Arrests by ______________________________________________________                      223
     Assigned to post _________________________________________________                      151 
     At guardhouse _________________________________________________                  247-253
     Before permitting persons to pass ___________________________________                         236 
     Calling corporal ________________________________________________          225, 226, 254
     Calling for relief _______________________________________________                            225
     Calling the hours ________________________________________________         244, 245, 256
     Compliments from ______________________________________________                 257-269 
     How relieved __________________________________________________                 155-159  
     Identifying persons ______________________________________________                         236
     In case of fire or disorder _________________________________________                 229, 253
     If prisoner attempts to escape ______________________________________                 364-366

Par.

Sentinels --Continued.
     In communication with officer ______________________________________                         269
     In sentry box __________________________________________________                          218
     Not to allow himself to be surprised _________________________________                          242
     Not to quit his piece _____________________________________________                         222
     Of stable guard _________________________________________________         398, 416-421
     On approach of any party _________________________________________                 263, 264
     On approach of armed party or guard ________________________________                         263
     On approach of persons at night ____________________________________                  237-240
     Over prisoners at work ___________________________________________                 365-368
     Permitting person or party to approach _______________________________                 234, 235
     Position of rifle __________________________________________________                       217
     Reports occurrences _____________________________________________                        224
     Returning prisoner to guardhouse ____________________________________                        367
Sentinel's challenge _________________________________________________                231, 232
Sentinels:
     All persons required to observe respect toward __________________________                      382
     Distribution of ___________________________________________________                        49
     Instructions to, reported ____________________________________________                     383
     Mounted --
          Challenging or holding communication ________________________________                    220
          Compliments from _______________________________________________   257, 260, 262
          How posted and relieved __________________________________________                  159
          Will not dismount ________________________________________________                  221
     Number and location ________________________________________________        47, 50, 51
     Over working parties ________________________________________________                  107
     Taking post _______________________________________________________          155-157
     To be relieved every two hours ________________________________________                     92
     Transmit orders ________________________________________________  156, 166, 227, 228
     Turning out the guard ________________________________________________          246-251
     Walk post, how ____________________________________________________                 217
     When allowed to stand on post _________________________________________                 219
     When countersign is not used __________________________________________                  243
     When officers remain on or near post ____________________________________                  268
     While calling, etc. ___________________________________________________                 220
     Will not divulge countersign ____________________________________________        233, 234
Sentry boxes, when used ________________________________________________                 218
Sergeant major as part of guard ___________________________________________                 384
Sergeant major's record for guard details _____________________________________           43, 44
Sergeant of the guard ___________________________________________________         120-147
     At first sergeant's call _________________________________________________                129
     General duties ______________________________________________________         120-124
     Leaving guardhouse __________________________________________________                125
     Reports arrests, etc. __________________________________________________               132
Sergeants assigned to reliefs _______________________________________________      146, 147
Sickness of member of guard ______________________________________________                96
Signal Corps detachments, when not exempt from other details _____________________                15